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Nanoparticles Catalyzing Enzymatic Reactions: Recent Developments and Future Prospects

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Emerging Trends in Nanomedicine

Abstract

Nanozymes are the nanoparticles which acts like natural enzymes and catalyze various biological reactions. Natural enzymes are facing a lot of issues in their applications such as expensive synthesis, lower stability, poor recyclability, sensitivity to pH and temperature, loss of activity on exposure to heavy metals etc. Nanozymes exhibit better catalytic activity than the corresponding natural enzymes even at the wide range of conditions of temperature and pH, hence they are better alternatives of natural enzymes. Nanozymes also offer high specificity to their substrate, easy synthesis, purification, and storage. Owing to these advantages, nanozymes have attracted tremendous attention of researchers to develop several applications of artificial enzymes in biomedical sciences. In this chapter, we have discussed different types of nanoparticles offering activities of biological enzymes. Based on the enzyme mimetic-activities, nanozymes are classified into three major groups, carbon-based nanozymes, metal-based nanozymes and metal oxide-based nanozymes. These nanozymes are further discussed based on the type of enzyme mimetic activities they display, such as Superoxide Dismutase, Catalase, Nuclease, Oxidase, Peroxidase, Phosphotriesterase, Phosphatase. These nanozymes are reported to be used as stable, highly efficient, robust and biocompatible catalyst, which can be used for the treatment of various enzyme-based disorders.

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  1. Nanomaterials and Toxicology Lab, Division of Biological and Life Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Central Campus, Ahmedabad University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India

    Nisha Yadav & Sanjay Singh

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    Sanjay Singh

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Yadav, N., Singh, S. (2021). Nanoparticles Catalyzing Enzymatic Reactions: Recent Developments and Future Prospects. In: Singh, S. (eds) Emerging Trends in Nanomedicine. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9920-0_3

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