Abstract
The medicinal use of tropane alkaloids is well established and has a long history of application, according to the anticholinergic activity of these compounds. Among them, hyoscyamine, anisodamine (6β-hydroxyhyoscyamine), and scopolamine are the most important ones from a therapeutical point of view. Although the chemical synthesis of these alkaloids is possible, its complexity, costs, and low quality of the compounds obtained make it a nonviable strategy for a commercial production. For the reason mentioned above, tropane alkaloids are still extracted from plants grown in greenhouses belonging to species of Solanaceae family including Hyoscyamus niger L., Anisodus tanguticus, Scopolia tangutica Maxim, Atropa belladonna, and several Datura species. In the last years, considerable effort has been devoted to develop cost-effective strategies for their production. Tropane alkaloid production by in vitro culture techniques, such as hairy roots, is an interesting alternative since it guarantees a stable and continuous production throughout the year, independent of the presence of pathogens as well as the environmental conditions. This chapter will focus and discuss the establishment of hairy root cultures for the production of tropane alkaloids in order to replace the isolation from the natural source. In addition, recent progress achieved in the application of elicitation strategies for improving their release to the culture medium will be analyzed.
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Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina, and Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (ANPCyT), Argentina, by grants UBACyT181, PIP2012-0156, PICT2012-2125, and PICT2014-2118. ABC, MP, JRT, and AMG are researchers from CONICET, and JMM is a fellow from CONICET.
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Cardillo, A.B., Perassolo, M., Minoia, J.M., Talou, J.R., Giulietti, A.M. (2020). Tropane Alkaloid Production by the Establishment of Hairy Root Cultures of Brugmansia candida and Elicitation. In: Srivastava, V., Mehrotra, S., Mishra, S. (eds) Hairy Root Cultures Based Applications. Rhizosphere Biology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4055-4_9
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