Abstract
The microstate analysis, which is based on the clustering of electric field maps, has been proved to be an efficient technique that could fully use the spatial information of topographies of EEG/ERP signals. Typically, researchers found that only four kinds of distinct topographies (i.e., microstate classes) could explain most variances of the spontaneous EEG data. Moreover, each of the four commonly observed microstate classes was closely associated with the activity of distinct resting-state brain networks revealed by BOLD signals of resting-state fMRI. For ERP signals, the microstate segmentation can be used to identify the underlying ERP components and their latencies from the multichannel ERP waveforms. In this chapter, we illustrated the basic concepts of microstate analysis, the commonly used clustering algorithms, the metrics derived from microstate analysis, and how to perform microstate analysis using open-access tools.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Andreou C, Faber PL, Leicht G, Schoettle D, Polomac N, Hanganu-Opatz IL, Lehmann D, Mulert C. Resting-state connectivity in the prodromal phase of schizophrenia: insights from EEG microstates. Schizophr Res. 2014;152(2–3):513–20.
Britz J, Van De Ville D, Michel CM. BOLD correlates of EEG topography reveal rapid resting-state network dynamics. NeuroImage. 2010;52:1162–70.
Britz J, DÃaz HL, Ro T, Michel CM. EEG-microstate dependent emergence of perceptual awareness. Front Behav Neurosci. 2014;8(20):163.
Brunet D, Murray MM, Michel CM. Spatiotemporal analysis of multichannel EEG: CARTOOL. Comput Intell Neurosci. 2010;2011:813870.
Gao F, Jia H, Wu X, Yu D, Feng Y. Altered resting-state EEG microstate parameters and enhanced spatial complexity in male adolescent patients with mild spastic Diplegia. Brain Topogr. 2017;30(2):233–44.
Gärtner M, Brodbeck V, Laufs H, Schneider G. A stochastic model for EEG microstate sequence analysis. NeuroImage. 2015;104:199–208.
Hatz F, Hardmeier M, Benz N, Ehrensperger M, Gschwandtner U, Rüegg S, Schindler C, Monsch AU, Fuhr P. Microstate connectivity alterations in patients with early Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2015;7(1):1–11.
Hu L, Valentini E, Zhang ZG, Liang M, Iannetti GD. The primary somatosensory cortex contributes to the latest part of the cortical response elicited by nociceptive somatosensory stimuli in humans. NeuroImage. 2013;84(1):383–93.
Jeremy H, Malone S, Bernat E. Theta and delta band activity explain N2 and P3 ERP component activity in a go/no-go task. Clin Neurophysiol. 2014;125(1):124–32.
Jia H, Peng W, Hu L. A novel approach to identify time-frequency oscillatory features in electrocortical signals. J Neurosci Methods. 2015;253:18–27.
Jia H, Li H, Yu D. The relationship between ERP components and EEG spatial complexity in a visual Go/Nogo task. J Neurophysiol. 2017;117(1):275–83.
Khanna A, Pascual-Leone A, Michel CM, Farzan F. Microstates in resting-state EEG: current status and future directions. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2014;49:105–13.
Kikuchi M, Koenig T, Munesue T, Hanaoka A, Strik W, Dierks T, Koshino Y, Minabe Y. EEG microstate analysis in drug-naive patients with panic disorder. PLoS One. 2011;6(7):65.
Koenig T, Prichep L, Lehmann D, Sosa PV, Braeker E, Kleinlogel H, Isenhart R, John ER. Millisecond by millisecond, year by year: normative EEG microstates and developmental stages. NeuroImage. 2002;16(1):41–8.
Lehmann D, Ozaki H, Pal I. EEG alpha map series: brain micro-states by space-oriented adaptive segmentation. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1987;67(3):271–88.
Lehmann D, Strik WK, Henggeler B, Koenig T, Koukkou M. Brain electric microstates and momentary conscious mind states as building blocks of spontaneous thinking: I. Visual imagery and abstract thoughts. Int J Psychophysiol. 1998;29(1):1–11.
Lehmann D, Faber PL, Galderisi S, Herrmann WM, Kinoshita T, Koukkou M, Mucci A, Pascualmarqui RD, Saito N, Wackermann J. EEG microstate duration and syntax in acute, medication-naive, first-episode schizophrenia: a multi-center study. Psychiatry Res. 2005;138(2):141–56.
Li H, Jia H, Yu D. The influence of vertical disparity gradient and cue conflict on EEG omega complexity in Panum’s limiting case. J Neurophysiol. 2018;119(3):1201–8.
Maxwell CR, Villalobos ME, Schultz RT, Herpertz-Dahlmann B, Konrad K, Kohls G. Atypical laterality of resting gamma oscillations in autism spectrum disorders. J Autism Dev Disord. 2015;45(2):292–7.
Michel CM, Koenig T. EEG microstates as a tool for studying the temporal dynamics of whole-brain neuronal networks: a review. NeuroImage. 2017;180:577–93.
Murray MM, Brunet D, Michel CM. Topographic ERP analyses: a step-by-step tutorial review. Brain Topogr. 2008;20(4):249–64.
Pascual-Marqui RD. Standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA): technical details. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 2002;24(Suppl D):5–12.
Pascual-Marqui RD, Michel CM, Lehmann D. Segmentation of brain electrical activity into microstates: model estimation and validation. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 1995;42(7):658–65.
Rieger K, Diaz Hernandez L, Baenninger A, Koenig T. 15 years of microstate research in schizophrenia – where are we? A meta-analysis. Front Psych. 2016;7:22.
Santarnecchi E, Khanna AR, Musaeus CS, Benwell CSY, Davila P, Farzan F, Matham S, Pascual-Leone A, Shafi MM. EEG microstate correlates of fluid intelligence and response to cognitive training. Brain Topogr. 2017;30:502–20.
Schlegel F, Lehmann D, Faber PL, Milz P, Gianotti LRR. EEG microstates during resting represent personality differences. Brain Topogr. 2012;25(1):20–6.
Seitzman BA, Abell M, Bartley SC, Erickson MA, Bolbecker AR, Hetrick WP. Cognitive manipulation of brain electric microstates. NeuroImage. 2017;146:533–43.
Van de Ville D, Britz J, Michel CM. EEG microstate sequences in healthy humans at rest reveal scale-free dynamics. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010;107(42):18179–84.
Wu X, Jia H, Wang E, Du C, Wu X, Dang C. Vertical position of Chinese power words influences power judgments: evidence from spatial compatibility task and event-related potentials. Int J Psychophysiol. 2016;102:55–61.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
8.1 Supplementary Electronic Material (S)
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Jia, H. (2019). Microstate Analysis. In: Hu, L., Zhang, Z. (eds) EEG Signal Processing and Feature Extraction. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9113-2_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9113-2_8
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-13-9112-5
Online ISBN: 978-981-13-9113-2
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)