Abstract
In the companion volume, Kinetic Alfvén Wave: Theory, Experiment, and Application, we have presented the systematic theories and basic principles of kinetic Alfvén waves (KAWs) based on both kinetic and fluid descriptions of magnetic plasmas. The present volume builds upon that and proceeds into the in-depth analyses and discussions of observation, generation, and application of KAWs in various plasma environments in the solar-terrestrial coupling system, which is a unique natural laboratory for the comprehensive and thorough study of KAWs. However, first of all, in this introductory chapter we concisely review main physical properties of KAWs without proving, which are from the companion volume and set up the basis for the following chapters.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Abramowitz, M., & Stegun, I. A. (1968). Handbook of mathematical functions with formulas, graphs and mathematical tables. New York: Dover Publications.
Alfvén, H. (1942). Existence of electromagnetic-hydrodynamic waves. Nature, 150, 405–406.
Anderson, R. R., & Gurnett, D. A. (1973). Plasma wave observations near the plasmapause with the S3-A satellite. Journal of Geophysical Research, 78, 4756–4764.
Baldwin, D. E., & Ignat, D. W. (1969). Resonant absorption in zero-temperature nonuniform plasma. Physical Fluids, 12, 697.
Banks, P. M. (1967). Ion temperature in the upper atmosphere. Journal of Geophysical Research, 72, 3365–3385.
Barston, E. M. (1964). Electrostatic oscillations in inhomogeneous cold plasmas. Annals of Physics, 29, 282–303.
Baumjohann, W., Paschmann, G., & Cattell, C. A. (1989). Average plasma properties in the central plasma sheet. Journal of Geophysical Research, 94, 6597–6606.
Belcher, J. W., & Davis, L. (1971). Large-amplitude Alfvén wave in the interplanetary medium. Journal of Geophysical Research, 76, 3534–3563.
Bellan, P. M., & Stasiewicz, K. (1998). Fine-scale cavitation of ionospheric plasma caused by inertial Alfvén wave ponderomoive force. Physical Review Letters, 80, 3523–3526.
Bespalov, P. A., Misonova, V. G., & Cowley, S. W. (2006). Field-aligned particle acceleration on auroral field lines by interaction with transient density cavities stimulated by kinetic Alfvén waves. Annales Geophysicae, 24, 2313–2329.
Bilitza, D. (1991). The use of transition heights for the representation of ion composition. Advances in Space Research, 11, 183–186.
Boldyrev, S., & Perez, J. C. (2012). Spectrum of kinetic-Alfvn turbulence. The Astrophysical Journal Letters, 758, L44.
Bostick, W. H., & Levine, M. (1952). Experimental demonstration in the laboratory of the existence of magneto-hydrodynamic waves in ionized helium. Physical Review, 94, 671–671.
Brodin, G., Stenflo, L., & Shukla, P. K. (2006). Nonlinear interactions between kinetic Alfvén and ion-sound waves. Solar Physics, 236, 285–291.
Burke, A. T., Maggs, J. E., & Morales, G. J. (2000a). Spontaneous fluctuations of a temperature filament in a magnetized plasma. Physical Review Letters, 84, 1451–1454.
Burke, A. T., Maggs, J. E., & Morales, G. J. (2000b). Experimental study of fluctuations excited by a narrow temperature filament in a magnetized plasma. Physical Plasmas, 7, 1397–1407.
Chaston, C. C., Carlson, C. W., McFadden, J. P., et al. (2007a). How important are dispersive Alfvén waves for auroral electron acceleration? Geophysical Research Letters, 34, L07101.
Chaston, C. C., Hull, A. J., Bonnell, J. W., et al. (2007b). Large parallel electric fields, currents, and density cavities in dispersive Alfvén waves above the aurora. Journal of Geophysical Research, 112, A05215.
Chaston, C. C., Wilber, M., Mozer, F. S., et al. (2007c). Mode conversion and anomalous transport in kelvin-helmholtz vortices and kinetic Alfvén waves at the earth’s magnetopause. Physical Review Letters, 99, 175004.
Chaston, C. C., Carlson, C. W., Peria, W. J., et al. (1999). FAST observations of inertial Alfvén waves in the dayside aurora. Geophysical Research Letters, 26, 647–650.
Chen, L. (1977). Parametric excitation of kinetic Alfvén waves by whistler waves. Plasma Physics, 19, 47–51.
Chen, L., & Hasegawa, A. (1974a). Plasma heating by spatial resonance of Alfvén wave. Physical Fluids, 17, 1399–1403.
Chen, L., & Hasegawa, A. (1974b). A theory of long-period magnetic pulsations, 1. Steady state excitation of filed line resonance. Journal of Geophysical Research, 79, 1024–1032.
Chen, L., & Wu, D. J. (2010). Kinetic Alfvén wave instability driven by electron temperature anisotropy in high-\(\beta \) plasmas. Physics of Plasmas, 17, 062107.
Chen, L., & Wu, D. J. (2011a). Exact solutions of dispersion equation for MHD waves with short-wavelength modification. Chinese Science Bulletin, 56, 955–961.
Chen, L., & Wu, D. J. (2011b). Polarizations of coupling kinetic Alfvén and slow waves. Physics of Plasmas, 18, 072110.
Chen, L., & Wu, D. J. (2012). Kinetic Alfvén wave instability driven by field-aligned currents in solar coronal loops. The Astrophysical Journal, 754, 123.
Chen, L., Wu, D. J., & Hua, Y. P. (2011). Kinetic Alfvén wave instability driven by a field-aligned current in high-\(\beta \) plasmas. Physical Review E, 84, 046406.
Chen, L., Wu, D. J., & Huang, J. (2013). Kinetic Alfvén wave instability driven by field-aligned currents in a low-\(\beta \) plasma. Journal of Geophysical Research, 118, 2951.
Chen, L., Wu, D. J., Zhao, G. Q., et al. (2015). A possible mechanism for the formation of filamentous structures in magnetoplasmas by kinetic Alfvén waves. Journal of Geophysical Research, 120, 61–69.
Chew, G. L., Goldberger, M. L., & Low, F. E. (1956). The Boltzmann equation and the one-fluid hydromagnetic equations in the absence of particle collisions. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A, 236, 112–118.
Chmyrev, V. M., Bilichenko, S. V., Pokhotelov, O. A., et al. (1988). Alfvén vortices and related phenomena in the ionosphere and the magnetosphere. Search Results, 38, 841–854.
Cho, J., Lazarian, A., & Vishniac, E. T. (2002). Simulation of magnetohydrodynamic turbulence in a strong magnetized medium. The Astrophysical Journal, 564, 291–301.
Dennett-Thorpe, J., & de Bruyn, A. G. (2003). Annual modulation in the scattering of J1819+3845: Peculiar plasma velocity and anisotropy. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 404, 113–132.
Duan, S. P., Li, Z. Y., & Liu, Z. X. (2005). Kinetic Alfvén wave driven by the density inhomogeneity in the presence of loss-cone distribution function-particle aspect analysis. Planetary and Space Science, 53, 1167–1173.
Duan, S. P., Liu, Z. X., & Angelopoulos, V. (2012). Observations of kinetic Alfvén waves by THEMIS near a substorm onset. Chinese Science Bulletin, 57, 1429–1435.
Eastman, T. E., Frank, L. A., Peterson, W. K., & Lennartsson, W. (1984). The plasma sheet boundary layer. Journal of Geophysical Research, 89, 1553–1572.
Fedun, V. N., Yukhimuk, A. K., & Voitsekhovskaya, A. D. (2004). The transformation of MHD Alfvén waves in space plasma. Journal of Plasma Physics, 70, 699–707.
Frank, L. A., Ackerson, K. L., & Lepping, R. P. (1976). On hot tenuous plasmas, fireballs, and boundary layers in the earth’s magnetotail. Journal of Geophysical Research, 81, 5859–5881.
Gary, S. P., & Smith, C. W. (2009). Short-wavelength turbulence in the solar wind: linear theory of whistler and kinetic Alfvén fluctuations. Journal of Geophysical Research, 114, A12105.
Gekelman, W. (1999). Review of laboratory experiments on Alfvén waves and their relationship to space observations. Journal of Geophysical Research, 104, 14417–14435.
Gekelman, W., Leneman, D., Maggs, J. E., & Vincena, S. (1994). Experimental observation of Alfvén cones. Physics of Plasmas, 1, 3775–3783.
Gekelman, W., Vincena, S., Leneman, D., & Maggs, J. (1997). Laboratory experiments on shear Alfvén waves and their relationship to space plasmas. Physics of Plasmas, 102, 7225–7236.
Gekelman, W., Vincena, S., Palmer, N., et al. (2000). Experimental measurements of the propagation of large amplitude shear Alfvén waves. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, 42, B15–B26.
Goertz, C. K. (1984). Kinetic Alfvén waves on auroral field lines. Planetary and Space Science, 32, 1387–1392.
Goertz, C. K., & Boswell, R. W. (1979). Magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling. Journal of Geophysical Research, 84, 7239–7246.
Golant, V. E., & Piliya, A. D. (1972). Reviews of topical problems: linear transformation and absorption of waves in a plasma, soviet phys. Uspekhi, 14, 413–437.
Goldreich, P., & Sridhar, S. (1995). Towards a theory of interstellar turbulence. II. strong Alfvénic turbulence. Astrophys. J., 438, 763–775.
Goldreich, P., & Sridhar, S. (1997). Magnetohydrodynamic turbulence revisited. Astrophys. J., 485, 680–688.
Golub, L., Herant, M., Kalata, K., et al. (1990). Sub-arcsecond observations of the solar X-ray corona. Nature, 344, 842–844.
Hasegawa, A. (1976). Particle acceleration by MHD surface wave and formation of aurora. Journal of Geophysical Research, 81, 5083–5090.
Hasegawa, A., & Chen, L. (1975). Kinetic process of plasma heating due to Alfvén wave excitation. Physical Review Letters, 35, 370–373.
Hasegawa, A., & Chen, L. (1976a). Kinetic process of plasma heating by resonant mode conversion of Alfvén wave. Physics of Fluids, 19, 1924–1934.
Hasegawa, A., & Mima, K. (1978). Anomalous transport produce by kinetic Alfvén wave turbulence. Journal of Geophysical Research, 83, 1117–1123.
Herlofson, N. (1950). Magnetohydrodynamic waves in a compressible fluid conductor. Nature, 165, 1020–1021.
Hollweg, J. V. (1999). Kinetic Alfvén waves revisited. Journal of Geophysical Research, 104, 14811–14819.
Huang, G. L., Wang, D. Y., Wu, D. J., et al. (1997). The eigenmode of solitary kinetic Alfvén waves by Freja satellite. Journal of Geophysical Research, 102, 7217–7224.
Hudson, M. K., Lysak, R. L., & Mozer, F. S. (1978). Magnetic field-aligned potential drops due to electrostatic ion cyclotron turbulence. Geophysical Research Letters, 5, 143–146.
Johnson, J. R., & Cheng, C. Z. (1997). Kinetic Alfvén waves and plasma transport at the magnetopause. Geophysical Research Letters, 24, 1423–1426.
Johnson, J. R., & Cheng, C. Z. (2001). Stochastic ion heating at the magnetopause due to kinetic Alfvén waves. Geophysical Research Letters, 28, 4421–4424.
Johnson, J. R., Cheng, C. Z., & Song, P. (2001). Signatures of mode conversion and kinetic Alfvén waves at the magnetopause. Geophysical Research Letters, 28, 227–230.
Kivelson, M. G., & Southwood, D. J. (1986). Coupling of global magnetospheric MHD eigenmodes to field line resonance. Journal of Geophysical Research, 91, 4345–4351.
Kletzing, C. A. (1994). Electron acceleration by kinetic Alfvén waves. Journal of Geophysical Research, 99, 11095–11103.
Kletzing, C. A., Bounds, S. R., Martin-Hiner, J., et al. (2003a). Measurements of the shear Alfvén wave dispersion for finite perpendicular wave number. Physical Review Letters, 90, 035004.
Kletzing, C. A., Mozer, F. S., & Torbert, R. B. (1998). Electron temperature and density at high latitude. Journal of Geophysical Research, 103, 14837–14845.
Kletzing, C. A., Scudder, J. D., Dors, E. E., & Curto, C. (2003b). Auroral source region: Plasma properties of the high-latitude plasma sheet. Journal of Geophysical Research, 108, 1360–1375.
Leamon, R. J., Smith, C. W., Ness, N. F., et al. (1999). Dissipation range dynamics: Kinetic Alfvén waves and the importance of \(\beta _e\). Journal of Geophysical Research, 104, 22331–22344.
Lee, L. C., Johnson, J. R., & Ma, Z. W. (1994). Kinetic Alfvén waves as a source of plasma transport at the dayside magnetopause. Journal of Geophysical Research, 99, 17405–17411.
Leneman, D., Gekelman, W., & Maggs, J. E. (1999). Laboratory observations of shear Alfvén waves launched from a small source. Physical Review Letters, 82, 2673–2676.
Louarn, P., Wahlund, J. E., Chust, T., et al. (1994). Observations of kinetic Alfvén waves by the Freja spacecraft. Physical Review Letters, 21, 1847–1850.
Luo, Q. Y., & Wu, D. J. (2010). Observations of anisotropic scaling of solar wind turbulence. The Astrophysical Journal Letters, 714, L138.
Luo, Q. Y., Wu, D. J., & Yang, L. (2011). Measurement of intermittency of anisotropic magnetohydrodynamic turbulence in high-speed solar wind. The Astrophysical Journal Letters, 733, L22.
Lysak, R. L., & Carlson, C. W. (1981). Effect of microscopic turbulence on magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling. Geophys. Res. Lett., 8, 269–272.
Lysak, R. L., & Dum, C. T. (1983). Dynamics of magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling including turbulent transport. Journal of Geophysical Research, 88, 365–380.
Lysak, R. L., & Lotko, W. (1996). On the kinetic dispersion relation for shear Alfvén waves. Journal of Geophysical Research, 101, 5085–5094.
Maggs, J. E., & Morales, G. J. (1996). Magnetic fluctuations associated field-aligned striations. Geophysical Research Letters, 23, 633–636.
Maggs, J. E., Morales, G. J., & Gekelman, W. (1997). Laboratory studies of field-aligned density striations and their relationship to auroral processes. Physics of Plasmas, 4, 1881–1888.
Malik, M., & Sharma, R. (2005). Nonlinear evolution of kinetic Alfvén waves and filament formation. Solar Physics, 229, 287–304.
Malik, M., Sharma, R. P., & Singh, H. D. (2007). Ion-acoustic wave generation by two kinetic Alfvén waves and particle heating. Solar Physics, 241, 317–328.
Maron, J., & Goldreich, P. (2001). Simulations of incompressible magnetohydrodynamic turbulence. The Astrophysical Journal, 554, 1175–1196.
Matthaeus, W. H., Goldstein, M. L., & Roberts, D. A. (1990). Evidence for the presence of quasi-two-dimensional nearly incompressible fluctuations in the solar wind. Journal of Geophysical Research, 95, 20673–20683.
Mitchell, C., Vincena, S., Maggs, J. E., & Gekelman, W. (2001). Laboratory observation of Alfvén resonance. Geophysical Research Letters, 28, 923–926.
Nickel, J. C., Parker, J. V., & Gould, R. W. (1963). Resonance Oscillations in a Hot Nonuniform Plasma Column. Physical Review Letters, 11, 183.
Papadopoulos, K., Sharma, R. R., & Tripathi, V. K. (1982). Parametric excitation of Alfvén waves in the ionosphere. Journal of Geophysical Research, 87, 1491–1494.
Parker, E. N. (1958). Dynamic instability of an anisotropic ionized gas of low density. Physical Review, 109, 1874–1876.
Patel, V. L., Tripathi, V. K., & Sharma, O. P. (1985). Parametric excitation of shear Alfvén modes by electrostatic ion cyclotron waves in the magnetosphere. Journal of Geophysical Research, 90, 9590–9594.
Podesta, J. J. (2013). Evidence of Kinetic Alfvén waves in the solar wind at 1 AU. Solar Physics, 286, 529–548.
Podesta, J. J., & TenBarge, J. M. (2012). Scale dependence of the variance anisotropy near the proton gyroradius scale: Additional evidence for kinetic Alfvén waves in the solar wind at 1 AU. Journal of Geophysical Research, 117, A10106.
Podesta, J. J., Borovsky, J. E., & Gary, S. P. (2010). A Kinetic Alfvén wave cascade subject to collisionless damping cannot reach electron scales in the solar wind at 1 AU. The Astrophysical Journal, 712, 685–691.
Pu, Z. Y., & Zhou, Y. (1986). The kinetic Alfvén wave instability driven by a sheared plasma flow and the associated anomalous transport. Scientia Sinica A, 29, 301–311.
Rickett, B. J., Kedziora-Chudczer, L., & Jauncey, D. L. (2002). Interstellar scintillation of the polarized flux density in quasar PKS 0405–385. The Astrophysical Journal, 581, 103–126.
Rosenbluth, M. N. (1956). Stability of the pinch, Los Alamos Science Lab, LA-2030.
Rudakov, L., Mithaiwala, M., Ganguli, G., et al. (2011). Linear and nonlinear landau resonance of kinetic Alfvén waves: Consequences for electron distribution and wave spectrum in the solar wind. Physics of Plasmas, 18, 012307.
Sahraoui, F., Goldstein, M. L., Belmont, G., et al. (2010). Three dimensional anisotropic k-spectra of turbulence at sub-proton scales in the solar wind. Physical Review Letters, 105, 131101.
Salem, C. S., Howes, G. G., Sundkvist, D., et al. (2012). Identification of kinetic Alfvén wave turbulence in the solar wind. The Astrophysical Journal Letters, 745, L9.
Schriver, D., Ashour-Abdalla, M., & Richard, R. L. (1998). On the origin of the ion-electron temperature difference in the plasma sheet. Journal of Geophysical Research, 103, 14879–14895.
Sedlácek, Z. (1971a). Electrostatic oscillations in cold inhomogeneous plasma I: Differential equation approach. Journal of Plasma Physics, 5, 239–263.
Sedlácek, Z. (1971b). Electrostatic oscillations in cold inhomogeneous plasma Part 2: Integral equation approach. Journal of Plasma Physics, 6, 189–199.
Sharma, A., & Tripathi, V. K. (1988). Excitation of kinetic Alfvén waves in the ion-Bernstein wave heating of a plasma. Physics of Fluids, 31, 3697–3701.
Sharma, R. P., & Malik, M. (2006). Nonlinear interaction of the kinetic Alfvén waves and the filamentation process in the solar wind plasma. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 457, 675–680.
Sharma, R. P., & Singh, H. D. (2009). Density cavities associated with inertial Alfvén waves in the auroral plasma. Journal of Geophysical Research, 114, A03109.
Shukla, P. K., & Mamedow, M. A. (1978). Nonlinear decay of a propagating lower-hybrid wave in a plasma. Journal of Plasma Physics, 19, 87–96.
Singh, H. D. (2007). Interpretation of solar wind reconnection exhaust in terms of kinetic Alfveń wave group-velocity cones. Geophysical Research Letters, 34, L13106.
Singh, H. D., & Sharma, R. P. (2007). Generation of coherent wave packets of kinetic Alfvén waves in solar plasmas. Physics of Plasmas, 14, 102304.
Slavin, J. A., Smith, E. J., Sibeck, D. G., et al. (1985). An ISEE 3 study of average and substorm conditions in the distant magnetotail. Journal of Geophysical Research, 90, 10875–10895.
Smith, C. W., Vasquez, B. J., & Hollweg, J. V. (2012). Observational constraints on the role of cyclotron damping and kinetic Alfvén waves in the solar wind. The Astrophysical Journal, 745, 8.
Sridhar, S., & Goldreich, P. (1994). Towards a theory of interstellar turbulence I. weak Alfvénic turbulence. The Astrophysical Journal, 432, 612–621.
Stasiewicz, K. (2006). Heating of the solar corona by dissipative Alfvén solitons. Physical Review Letters, 96, 175003.
Stasiewicz, K., Bellan, P., Chaston, C., et al. (2000a). Small scale Alfvénic structure in the aurora. Space Science Reviews, 92, 423–533.
Stasiewicz, K., Gustafsson, G., Marklund, G., et al. (1997). Cavity resonators and Alfvén resonance cones observed on Freja. Journal of Geophysical Research, 102, 2565–2575.
Stasiewicz, K., Holmgren, G., & Zanetti, L. (1998). Density depletions and current singularities observed by Freja. Journal of Geophysical Research, 103, 4251–4260.
Stasiewicz, K., Khotyaintsev, Y., Berthomier, M., & Wahlund, J. E. (2000b). Identification of widespread turbulence of dispersive Alfvén waves. Geophysical Research Letters, 27, 173–176.
Stefant, R. J. (1970). Alfvén wave damping from finite gyroradius coupling to the ion acoustic mode. Physics of Fluids, 13, 440–450.
Streltsov, A., & Lotko, W. (1995). Dispersive field line resonances on auroral field lines. Journal of Geophysical Research, 100, 19457–19472.
Takahashi, K., & Hones, E. W, Jr. (1988). ISEE 1 and 2 observations of ion distributions at the plasma sheet-tail lobe boundary. Journal of Geophysical Research, 93, 8558–8582.
Tiwari, B. V., Mishra, R., Varma, P., & Tiwari, M. S. (2006). Generation of kinetic Alfvén wave by velocity shear in the plasma sheet boundary layer during substorm. Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Physics, 44, 917–926.
Tiwari, B. V., Mishra, R., Varma, P., & Tiwari, M. S. (2008). Shear driven kinetic Alfvén wave with general loss-cone distribution function in the plasma sheet boundary layer. Earth Moon Planet, 103, 43–63.
Tripathi, Y. K., & Sharma, R. P. (1988). Some parametric instabilities of an ordinary electromagnetic wave in magnetized plasmas. Physical Review A, 38, 2991–2995.
Trotter, A. S., Moran, J. M., & Rodriguez, L. F. (1998). Anistropic radio scattering of NGC 6334B. The Astrophysical Journal, 493, 666–679.
Tsiklauri, D. (2011). Particle acceleration by circularly and elliptically polarised dispersive Alfvén waves in a transversely inhomogeneous plasma in the inertial and kinetic regimes. Physics of Plasmas, 18, 092903.
Tsiklauri, D. (2012). Three dimensional particle-in-cell simulation of particle acceleration by circularly polarised inertial Alfvén waves in a transversely inhomogeneous plasma. Physics of Plasmas, 19, 082903.
Varma, P., Mishra, S. P., Ahirwar, G., & Tiwari, M. S. (2007). Effect of parallel electric field on Alfvén wave in thermal magnetoplasma. Planetary and Space Science, 55, 174–180.
Vincena, S., Gekelman, W., & Maggs, J. E. (2004). Shear Alfvén wave perpendicular propagation from the kinetic to the inertial regime. Physical Review Letters, 93, 105003.
Voitenko, Y. (1998). Excitation of kinetic Alfvén waves in a flaring loop. Solar Physics, 182, 411–430.
Voitenko, Y., & De Keyser, J. (2011). Turbulent spectra and spectral kinks in the transition range from MHD to kinetic Alfvén turbulence. Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics, 18, 587–597.
Voitenko, Y., & Goossens, M. (2002). Nonlinear excitation of small-scale Alfvén waves by fast waves and plasma heating in the solar atmosphere. Solar Physics, 209, 37–60.
Voitenko, Y., & Goossens, M. (2004). Cross-field heating of coronal ions by low-frequency kinetic Alfvén waves. The Astrophysical Journal, 605, L149–L152.
Voitenko, Y., & Goossens, M. (2005a). Cross-scale nonlinear coupling and plasma energization by Alfvén waves. Physical Review Letters, 94, 135003.
Voitenko, Y. & Goossens, M. (2005b). Nonlinear coupling of Alfvén waves with widely different cross-field wavelengths in space plasmas. Journal of Geophysical Research, 110 A10S01.
Voitenko, Y., & Goossens, M. (2006). Energization of plasma species by intermittent kinetic Alfvén waves. Space Science Reviews, 122, 255–270.
Voitenko, Y., Goossens, M., Sirenko, O., & Chian, A. (2003). Nonlinear excitation of kinetic Alfvén waves and whistler waves by electron beam-driven Langmuir waves in the solar corona. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 409, 331–345.
Volwerk, M., Louarn, P., Chust, T., et al. (1996). Solitary kinetic Alfvén waves-A study of the Poynting flux. Journal of Geophysical Research, 101, 13335–13343.
Wahlund, J. E., Louarn, P., Chust, T., et al. (1994a). On ion-acoustic turbulence and the nonlinear evolution of kinetic Alfvén waves in aurora. Geophysical Research Letters, 21, 1831–1834.
Wang, X. G., Ren, L. W., Wang, J. Q., & Xiao, C. J. (2009). Synthetic solar coronal heating on current sheets. The Astrophysical Journal, 694, 1595–1601.
Wilkinson, P. N., Narayan, R., & Spencer, R. E. (1994). The scatter-broadened image of Cygnus X-3. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 269, 67–88.
Wu, D. J. (2003a). Effects of ion temperature and inertia on kinetic Alfvén waves. Communications in Theoretical Physics, 39, 457–464.
Wu, D. J. (2003b). Model of nonlinear kinetic Alfvén waves with dissipation and acceleration of energetic electrons. Physical Review E, 67, 027402.
Wu, D. J. (2003c). Dissipative solitary kinetic Alfvén waves and electron acceleration. Physics of Plasmas, 10, 1364–1370.
Wu, D. J. (2005). Dissipative solitary kinetic Alfvén waves and electron acceleration in the solar corona. Space Science Reviews, 121, 333–342.
Wu, D. J. (2012). Kinetic Alfvén Wave: Theory. Experiment and Application: Science Press, Beijing.
Wu, D. J., & Chao, J. K. (2003). Auroral electron acceleration by dissipative solitary kinetic Alfvén waves. Physics of Plasmas, 10, 3787–3789.
Wu, D. J., & Chao, J. K. (2004a). Model of auroral electron acceleration by dissipative solitary kinetic Alfvén wave. Journal of Geophysical Research, 109, A06211.
Wu, D. J., & Chao, J. K. (2004b). Recent progress in nonlinear kinetic Alfvén waves. Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics, 11, 631–645.
Wu, D. J., & Chen, L. (2013). Excitation of kinetic Alfvén waves by density striation in magneto-plasmas. The Astrophysical Journal, 771, 3.
Wu, D. J., & Fang, C. (1999). Two-fluid motion of plasma in Alfvén waves and heating of solar coronal loops. The Astrophysical Journal, 511, 958–964.
Wu, D. J., & Fang, C. (2003). Coronal plume heating and kinetic dissipation of kinetic Alfvén waves. The Astrophysical Journal, 596, 656–662.
Wu, D. J., & Fang, C. (2007). Sunspot chromospheric heating by kinetic Alfvén waves. The Astrophysical Journal, 659, L181–L184.
Wu, D. J., & Wang, D. Y. (1996). Solitary kinetic Alfvén waves on the ion-acoustic velocity branch in a low-\(\beta \) plasma. Physics of Plasmas, 3, 4304–4306.
Wu, D. J., & Yang, L. (2006). Anisotropic and mass-dependent energization of heavy ions by kinetic Alfvén waves. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 452, L7–L10.
Wu, D. J., & Yang, L. (2007). Nonlinear interaction of minor heavy ions and kinetic Alfvén waves and their anisotropic energization in coronal holes. The Astrophysical Journal, 659, 1693–1701.
Wu, B. H., Wang, J. M., & Lee, L. C. (2001). Generation of kinetic Alfvén waves by mirror instability. Geophysical Research Letters, 28, 3051–3054.
Wu, D. J., Huang, G. L., Wang, D. Y., & Fälthammar, C. G. (1996a). Solitary kinetic Alfvén waves in the two-fluid model. Physics of Plasmas, 3, 2879–2884.
Wu, D. J., Huang, G. L., & Wang, D. Y. (1996b). Dipole density solitons and solitary dipole vortices in an inhomogeneous space plasma. Physical Review Letters, 77, 4346–4349.
Wu, D. J., Huang, J., Tang, J. F., & Yan, Y. H. (2007). Solar microwave drifting spikes and solitary kinetic Alfvén waves. The Astrophysical Journal, 665, L171–L174.
Wu, D. J., Wang, D. Y., & Fälthammar, C. G. (1996c). Coulpling Alfvénic and ion-acoustic solitons. Chinese Physics Letters, 13, 594–597.
Wu, D. J., Wang, D. Y., & Huang, G. L. (1997). Two dimensional solitary kinetic Alfvén waves and dipole vortex structures. Physics of Plasmas, 4, 611–617.
Wygant, J. R., Keiling, A., Cattell, C. A., et al. (2002). Evidence for kinetic Alfvén waves and parallel electron energization at 4–6 \(R_E\) altitudes in the plasma sheet boundary layer. Journal of Geophysical Research, 107, 1201–1215.
Yang, L., Wu, D. J., Wang, S. J., & Lee, L. C. (2014). Comparison of two-fluid and gyrokinetic models for kinetic Alfvén waves in solar and space plasmas. The Astrophysical Journal, 792, 36.
Yoon, P. H., Wu, C. S., & de Assis, A. S. (1993). Effect of finite ion gyroradius on the fire-hose instability in a high beta plasma. Physics Fluids B, 5, 1971–1979.
Yukhimuk, V., Voitenko, Y., Fedun, V., & Yukhimuk, A. (1998). Generation of kinetic Alfvén waves by upper-hybrid pump waves. Journal of Plasma Physics, 60, 485–495.
Zhao, J. S., Wu, D. J., & Lu, J. Y. (2011). Kinetic Alfvén waves excited by oblique MHD Alfvén waves in coronal holes. The Astrophysical Journal, 735, 114.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Nanjing University Press
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Wu, DJ., Chen, L. (2020). Basic Physical Properties of KAWs. In: Kinetic Alfvén Waves in Laboratory, Space, and Astrophysical Plasmas. Atmosphere, Earth, Ocean & Space. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7989-5_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7989-5_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-13-7988-8
Online ISBN: 978-981-13-7989-5
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)