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Differences in Fracture Risk Between Countries, Within Countries and Between Social and Ethnic Groups

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Abstract

Disparities exist in fracture incidence, prevalence, rates and risk factors between social and ethnic groups. Whilst genetic predisposition, such as sex and ethnicity, influence the risk of fractures, a significant contribution is made by environmental stressors. In addition to the direct effect of lifestyle behaviours and key risk factors for fracture such as vitamin D deficiency and prevalent diabetes, or more specifically the length of time with diabetes, biological mechanisms may underpin the well-documented social gradient of fracture. Across the life course, social disadvantage increases exposure to cumulative stressors, influences responses to stressors and results in a heightened inflammatory state, thereby increasing osteoporotic fracture risk.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine-Western Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

    Sharon L. Brennan-Olsen & Jason Talevski

  2. Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia

    Sharon L. Brennan-Olsen, Rachel L. Duckham & Jason Talevski

  3. Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, VIC, Australia

    Ayse Zengin

  4. Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition Sciences, Geelong, VIC, Australia

    Rachel L. Duckham

  5. Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia

    Sarah M. Hosking & Natalie K. Hyde

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  3. Rachel L. Duckham
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Correspondence to Sharon L. Brennan-Olsen .

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  1. School of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia

    Justyna J. Miszkiewicz

  2. Department of Medicine-Western Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

    Sharon L. Brennan-Olsen

  3. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Cantabria, Spain

    Jose A. Riancho

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Brennan-Olsen, S.L., Zengin, A., Duckham, R.L., Hosking, S.M., Talevski, J., Hyde, N.K. (2019). Differences in Fracture Risk Between Countries, Within Countries and Between Social and Ethnic Groups. In: Miszkiewicz, J., Brennan-Olsen, S., Riancho, J. (eds) Bone Health. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7256-8_5

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