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Highly Crosslinked UHMWPE for Joint Implants

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UHMWPE Biomaterials for Joint Implants

Part of the book series: Springer Series in Biomaterials Science and Engineering ((SSBSE,volume 13))

Abstract

Wear is a major obstacle limiting the longevity of implanted conventional UHMWPE components. Efforts to solve the wear problem in UHMWPE have spurred enormous studies in highly crosslinked UHMWPE (HXPE). HXPE-bearing couples have been clinically used in total joint arthroplasties for two decades, and the follow-up studies confirmed their effectiveness in reducing in vivo wear and related disease. This chapter provides a comprehensive review of crosslinking, oxidation and thermal stabilization, structure and property relationship, and in vitro and in vivo wear performance of HXPE for total joint replacements. The first part of this chapter describes the fundamental of UHMWPE crosslinking, including chemical reactions and the formation of crosslinked structures induced by high-energy radiations, detection of macro-free radicals by ESR, and calculation of crosslink density based on Flory theory. The second part outlines the oxidation due to irradiation-induced residual free radicals in HXPE and thermal treatments to eliminate the free radicals. The third part summarizes the effect of crosslinking on crystalline structures and mechanical properties, including fatigue, tensile, and impact properties of HXPE. The fourth part focuses on the wear mechanism and in vivo wear properties of HXPE. Finally, the fifth part reviews the follow-up studies of HXPE used in total hip and total knee arthroplasties.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China

    Guorong Gao & Jun Fu

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  1. Guorong Gao
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  2. Jun Fu
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Correspondence to Jun Fu .

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  1. Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China

    Jun Fu

  2. Tribology Research Institute, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

    Zhong-Min Jin

  3. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

    Jin-Wu Wang

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Gao, G., Fu, J. (2019). Highly Crosslinked UHMWPE for Joint Implants. In: Fu, J., Jin, ZM., Wang, JW. (eds) UHMWPE Biomaterials for Joint Implants. Springer Series in Biomaterials Science and Engineering, vol 13. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6924-7_2

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