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Therapeutic Aspects of Nanomedicines in Stroke Treatment

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Advancement in the Pathophysiology of Cerebral Stroke

Abstract

Stroke is one of the major causes of death worldwide, and the thrombolytic drug alteplase (tissue plasminogen activator or tPA) is the only treatment available for acute ischemic stroke; however, its use is limited by its short therapeutic window. Many potential therapeutic and diagnostic neuroprotectants to the brain are available, but, unfortunately, most of them are limited by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Conversely, nanoparticles (NPs) easily cross the BBB with no undesired side effect and alteration of the integrity of BBB. Thus, NPs have created new facet in stroke therapy. The nanocarriers-based preclinical and clinical research in thrombolytic drug delivery is mentioned. Preclinical research carried out on different thrombolytic drug-loaded polymer, lipid, and magnetic nanoparticles showed an enhanced thrombolytic effect with least adverse effects. Targeted nanocarriers displayed an enhanced accumulation into thrombolytic area. NP-based drug delivery opens up new route for the management of thrombotic diseases.

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Acknowledgment

LR gratefully acknowledges the financial support provided by Young Scientist Grant (SB/FT/CS-034/2013), Department of Science and Technology (DST)-SERB, New Delhi, India (GAP-0206) and CSIR-CDRI, Lucknow for providing facility and support.

Future Perspective

The nanocarrier should encapsulate a maximum amount of thrombolytic drug and shield the drug from enzymatic degradation keeping the thrombolytic efficacy same. It should also release the drug in the site of thrombus. All these features are mandatory for a better patient care.

Conflict of Interests

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this book chapter.

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  1. Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Lipika Ray

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Ranjana Patnaik

  2. School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Amit Kumar Tripathi

  3. Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Ashish Dwivedi

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Ray, L. (2019). Therapeutic Aspects of Nanomedicines in Stroke Treatment. In: Patnaik, R., Tripathi, A., Dwivedi, A. (eds) Advancement in the Pathophysiology of Cerebral Stroke. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1453-7_11

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