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Regulatory Roles of MicroRNAs in Addictions and Other Psychiatric Diseases

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Tobacco Smoking Addiction: Epidemiology, Genetics, Mechanisms, and Treatment

Abstract

A central question in addiction is how drug-induced changes in synaptic signaling are converted into long-term neuroadaptations. Emerging evidence reveals that microRNAs (miRNAs) play a distinct role in this process through rapid response to cellular signals and dynamic regulation of local mRNA transcripts. Because each miRNA can target hundreds of mRNAs, relative changes in the expression of miRNAs can significantly affect cellular responsiveness, synaptic plasticity, and transcriptional events. These diverse consequences of miRNA action occur through coordination with genes implicated in addictions, the most compelling of these being the neurotrophin BDNF, the transcription factor cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), and the DNA-binding methyl CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2). In this chapter, we summarize the recent progress in the understanding of miRNAs in general mechanisms of plasticity and neuroadaptation and then focus on specific examples of miRNA regulation in the context of addiction. We conclude that miRNA-mediated gene regulation is a conserved means of converting environmental signals into neuronal response, which holds significant implications for addiction and other psychiatric diseases.

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  1. University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA

    Ming D. Li

  2. Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

    Ming D. Li

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Li, M.D. (2018). Regulatory Roles of MicroRNAs in Addictions and Other Psychiatric Diseases. In: Tobacco Smoking Addiction: Epidemiology, Genetics, Mechanisms, and Treatment. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7530-8_14

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