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Oxidative Stress-Mediated Human Diseases

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Oxidative Stress: Diagnostic Methods and Applications in Medical Science

Abstract

Biological system inevitably produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) like superoxide (O2−), hydroxyl (OH−), peroxyl (RO2−), alkoxyl (RO−), etc. and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Oxidative stress occurs when biological system failed to neutralize and eliminate the generated free radicals and active intermediates. To fight with the oxidative stress caused by ROS and RNS, animal and human cells have developed a ubiquitous antioxidant defense system consisting of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR) together with lot of other low-molecular-weight antioxidants such as ascorbate, α-tocopherol, glutathione (GSH), etc.

Sometime this antioxidant defense system failed to neutralize and eliminate all the generated ROS and RNS due to various pathological and environmental factors. An increase level of ROS elicited oxidative damage to DNA and other biomolecules, leading to impair normal functions of tissue cells and lead to various diseases.

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Acknowledgments

Authors would like to thank the in-house research facility provided by the Amity University Uttar Pradesh, India.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector 125, Noida, India

    Arti Srivastava & Ashutosh Srivastava

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  1. Arti Srivastava
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  2. Ashutosh Srivastava
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Correspondence to Ashutosh Srivastava .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India

    Pawan Kumar Maurya

  2. Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati , Guwahati, Assam, India

    Pranjal Chandra

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Srivastava, A., Srivastava, A. (2017). Oxidative Stress-Mediated Human Diseases. In: Maurya, P., Chandra, P. (eds) Oxidative Stress: Diagnostic Methods and Applications in Medical Science. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4711-4_8

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