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Snow Mold Fungi

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Snow Mold

Abstract

Snow mold fungi include a diverse group of fungi and are not confined to a specific taxon, since they can be found in the Basidiomycota, Ascomycota, and even the non-fungal Oomycota. We cannot directly observe the process of pathogenesis under snow cover, but do see the consequences of infection after snowmelt to gain inferences about the infection process. Such difficulties of direct observation seem to hinder their ecological characterization. However, investigations on snow cover conditions facilitate ecological characterization since snow mold fungi depend almost exclusively on snow cover for survival. Each pathogen may specialize locally both ecologically and pathologically, giving rise to taxonomic confusion because of the scarcity of comparative studies. The confusion has been addressed through mating studies and the development of molecular analysis techniques. In this chapter, we emphasized more on what snow mold fungi do (ecology) than what they are (taxonomy).

figure a

Sclerotia of Typhula ishikariensis (top) and Sclerotinia borealis (bottom, courtesy, T. Hoshino) produced on diseased plants. Fungal cultures are easily established in snow mold fungi; sclerotial samples are persistent and represent the best source for fungal isolation, and mycelia readily develop from sclerotia when incubated at right temperatures.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan

    Naoyuki Matsumoto

  2. School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada

    Tom Hsiang

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  1. Naoyuki Matsumoto
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Matsumoto, N., Hsiang, T. (2016). Snow Mold Fungi. In: Snow Mold. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0758-3_3

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