Abstract
Hokkaido, the northernmost island of Japan, may roughly be divided into the Sclerotinia area in eastern part and the Typhula area in western part based on the occurrence of snow molds. The Sclerotinia area is characterized by deep soil frost and thin snow cover and the Typhula area by unfrozen soil and thick snow cover. The distinction is not absolute and changeable according to winter climate. Subsequent studies revealed that T. ishikariensis biotype A, attacking both di- and monocots was the main snow mold fungus in the Typhula area and that biotype B, pathogenic exclusively on monocots was prevalent in less snowy areas, including eastern Hokkaido. The winter of 1974–1975 favored Sclerotinia borealis in eastern Hokkaido by the late onset of snow cover and delayed thawing. Sclerotinia snow mold has seldom occurred since then in eastern Hokkaido, mainly due to mild winters, characterized by the early onset of persistent snow cover. The outbreak of T. ishikariensis biotype A in eastern Hokkaido in 1999 made us realize that T. ishikariensis biotype A was replacing biotype B and S. borealis. Examples are illustrated how change in snow mold flora affected agriculture in eastern Hokkaido and how local scientists coped with the problems.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Araki T (1975) Outbreak of snow mold on forage grasses in Hokkaido. Shokubutsu-boueki 29:484–488
Bruehl GW, Kiyomoto R, Peterson C, Nagamitsu M (1975) Testing winter wheats for snow mold resistance in Washington. Plant Disease Reporter 51:815–819
Hirota T, Iwata Y, Hayashi M, Suzuki S, Hamasaki T, Sameshima R, Takayabu I (2006) Decreasing soil-frost depth and its relation to climate change in Tokachi, Hokkaido, Japan. J Meteor Soc Japan 84:821–833
Hsiang T, Matsumoto N, Millett SM (1999) Biology and management of Typhula snow molds of turfgrass. Plant Dis 83:788–798
Komatsu T (1983) Problems and perspectives on alfalfa cultivation in terms of winter climate. Tokachi Nogaku Danwakaishi 24:92–101
Matsumoto N (1994) Ecological adaptations of low temperature plant pathogenic fungi to diverse winter climates. Can J Plant Pathol 16:237–240
Matsumoto N (2009) Snow molds: a group of fungi that prevail under snow. Microbes Environ 24:14–20
Matsumoto N, Araki T (1982) Field observation of snow mold pathogens of grasses under snow cover in Sapporo. Research Bulletin of the Hokkaido National Agricultural Experiment Station 135:1–10
Matsumoto N, Sato T, Araki T (1982) Biotype differentiation in the Typhula ishikariensis complex and their allopatry in Hokkaido. Ann Phytopathol Soc Jpn 48:275–280
Matsumoto N, Sato T (1983) Niche separation in the pathogenic species of Typhula. Ann Phytopathol Soc Jpn 49:293–298
Matsumoto N, Kawakami A, Izutsu S (2000) Distribution of Typhula ishikariensis biotype A isolates belonging to a predominant mycelia compatibility group. J Gen Plant Pathol 66:103–108
Matsumoto N, Hoshino T (2009) Fungi in snow environments: phychrophilic molds—a group of pathogens affecting plants under snow. In: Misra JK, Deshmukh SK (Eds.) Fungi from different environments. Science Publishers, Enfield, pp.169–188
Nakajima T, Abe J (1994) Development of resistance to Microdochium nivale in winter wheat during autumn and decline of the resistance under snow. Can J Bot 72:1211–1215
Nissinen O (1996) Analyses of climatic factors affecting snow mould injury in first-year timothy (Phleum pretense L.) with special reference to Sclerotinia borealis. Acta Universitatis Ouluensis A289, pp 115.
Sato T, Abe T, Etori R, Tani H, Yamakawa M, Morimoto M (2009) Winter killing of timothy at Tokachi district in 2008. Journal of Hokkaido Society of Grassland Science 43:43
Takeda Y, Nakajima K (1997a) Characteristics of alfalfa (Medicago satava L.) cultivars adapted to Konsen district. 1. Differences among cultivars in winter hardiness of the first winter and associated traits. Grassland Science 43:144–149
Takeda Y, Nakajima K (1997b) Characteristics of alfalfa (Medicago satava L.) cultivars adapted to Konsen district. 2. Differences among cultivars in winter hardiness after the 2nd year and associated traits. Grassland Science 43: 150–156
Takeda Y, Nakajima K (1997c) Characteristics of alfalfa (Medicago satava L.) cultivars adapted to Konsen district. 3. Differences among cultivars in Lepto-leaf spot under the natural infection. Grassland Science 43:157–163
Takeda Y, Uchiyama K, Nakajima K, Yamaguchi H (1998) Individual variation in Lepto-leaf spot resistance and effects of phenotypic recurrent selection on its resistance in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cultivars. Grassland Science 44:73–79
Tomiyama K (1955) Studies of the snow blight disease of winter cereals. Hokkaido National Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 47:234pp.
Ueda S, Gau M, Matsu-ura M, Suginobu K, Maki Y, Sato H, Hayakawa R, Miyashita Y, Nishimura N, Kaneko K, Murakami K (1985) Breeding of ’Kitawakaba’ alfalfa and its characteristics. Research Bulletin of the Hokkaido National Agricultural Experiment Station 143:1–21
Yamaguchi H, Uchiyama K, Sawai A, Gau M, Ueda S, Maki Y, Matsu-ura M, Suginobu K, Sato R, Takeda Y, Nakajima K, Chiba I, Ochi H, Sawada Y, Tamakake H (1995) Breeding of ’Hisawakaba’ alfalfa and its characteristics. Research Bulletin of the Hokkaido National Agricultural Experiment Station 161:17–31
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media New York
About this paper
Cite this paper
Matsumoto, N., Hoshino, T. (2013). Change in Snow Mold Flora in Eastern Hokkaido and its Impact on Agriculture. In: Imai, R., Yoshida, M., Matsumoto, N. (eds) Plant and Microbe Adaptations to Cold in a Changing World. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8253-6_22
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-8253-6_22
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, New York, NY
Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-8252-9
Online ISBN: 978-1-4614-8253-6
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)