Abstract
In this chapter, we review recent progress in polarization-bistable vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) and their applications to all-optical signal processing. An all-optical flip-flop operation can be achieved at a very low bias current of 0.85 mA by using 980-nm polarization-bistable VCSELs built with an oxide current-confinement structure. All-optical retiming is then discussed as an example of signal processing. Retiming is performed using an AND gate function and a reset function. Next, memorization of an arbitrary bit of 20-Gb/s RZ and 40-Gb/s NRZ signals is demonstrated. A four-bit optical buffer memory can be constructed using four 1.55-µm polarization-bistable VCSELs. Two shift-register memories are connected in parallel in this memory. Finally, an optical header processing system is described. The system uses a 1.55-µm polarization-bistable VCSEL that operates as an all-optical AND gate and a holding element. Depending on the state (“0” or “1”) of one bit in a four-bit header, the VCSEL holds one of two orthogonal polarization states. The output light of the VCSEL switches and holds the output state of an optical switch. This enables a payload to be sent to the destination determined by the header.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Kawaguchi, H.: Bistabilities and Nonlinearities in Laser Diodes. Artech, Norwood (1994)
Kawaguchi, H., Mori, T., Sato, Y., Yamayoshi, Y.: Optical buffer memory using polarization bistable vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. Express Lett. 45(34), L894–L897 (2006)
Kawaguchi, H.: Polarization bistable vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers-application for bit memory. Opto-electron. Rev. 17(4), 265–274 (2009)
Calabretta, N., Jung, H.-D., Tangdiongga, E., Dorren, H.: All-optical packet switching and label rewriting for data beyond 160 Gb/s. IEEE Photon. J. 2(2), 113–129 (2010)
Sawada, K., Uenohara, H.: High-speed optical label recognition technique using an optical digital-to-analog conversion and its application to optical label switch. IEEE J. Lightwave Technol. 28(13), 1889–1896 (2010)
Takenaka, M., Takeda, K., Kanema, Y., Nakano, Y., Raburn, M., Miyahara, T.: All-optical switching of 40 Gb/s packets by MMI-BLD optical label memory. Opt. Express. 14(22), 10785–10789 (2006)
Kawaguchi, H.: Bistable laser diodes and their applications: State of the art. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum. 3(5), 1254–1270 (1997)
Katayama, T., Yanai, A., Yukawa, K., Hattori, S., Ikeda, K., Koh, S., Kawaguchi, H.: All-optical flip-flop operation at 1-mA bias current in polarization bistable vertical-cavity surface emitting lasers with an oxide confinement structure. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 23(12), 1811–1813 (2011)
Mori, T., Sato, Y., Kawaguchi, H.: Timing jitter reduction by all-optical signal regeneration using a polarization bistable VCSEL. IEEE J. Lightwave Technol. 26(6), 2946–2953 (2008)
Sato, Y., Mori, T., Yamayoshi, Y., Kawaguchi, H.: Polarization bistable characteristics of mesa structure 980 nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers. Jpn. J Appl. Phys. 45, L438–L440 (2006)
Mori, T., Kawaguchi, H.: 10-Gb/s optical buffer memory using a polarization bistable VCSEL. IEICE Trans. Electron. E92C, 957–963 (2009)
Mori, T., Yamayoshi, Y., Kawaguchi, H.: Low-switching-energy and high-repetition-frequency all optical flip-flop operations of a polarization bistable vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser. Appl. Phys. Lett. 88, 101102 (2006)
Sakaguchi, J., Katayama, T., Kawaguchi, H.: All-optical memory operation of 980-nm polarization-bistable VCSEL for 20-Gb/s PRBS RZ and 40-Gb/s NRZ signals. Opt. Express 18(12), 12362–12370 (2010)
Sakaguchi, J., Katayama, T., Kawaguchi, H.: High switching-speed operation of optical memory based on polarization bistable vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 46(11), 1526–1534 (2010)
Katayama, T., Ooi, T., Kawaguchi, H.: Experimental demonstration of multi-bit optical buffer memory using 1.55-μm polarization bistable vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 45(11), 1495–1504 (2009)
Katayama, T., Okamoto, T., Kawaguchi, H.: All-optical header recognition and packet switching using polarization bistable VCSEL. IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 25(9), 802–805 (2013)
Ikeda, K., Takeuchi, K., Takayose, K., Chung, I.-S., Mørk, J., Kawaguchi, H.: Polarization-independent high-index contrast grating and its fabrication tolerances. Appl. Opt. 52(5), 1049–1053 (2013)
Tsunemi, Y., Ikeda, K., Kawaguchi, H.: Lasing-polarization-dependent output from othogonal waveguides in high-index-contrast subwavelength gating vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser. Appl. Phys. Express 6(9), 092106-1~4 (2013)
Tsunemi, Y., Yokota, N., Majima, S., Ikeda, K., Katayama, T., Kawaguchi, H.: 1.55-μm VCSEL with a polarization-independent HCG mirror on SOI. Opt. Express. 21(23), 28685–28692 (2013)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2015 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kawaguchi, H. (2015). Recent Progress in Polarization-Bistable VCSELs and Their Applications to All-Optical Signal Processing. In: Shulika, O., Sukhoivanov, I. (eds) Advanced Lasers. Springer Series in Optical Sciences, vol 193. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9481-7_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9481-7_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-017-9480-0
Online ISBN: 978-94-017-9481-7
eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)