Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Morphological Diversification of Stemmed Projectile Points of Patagonia (Southernmost South America). Assessing Spatial Patterns by Means of Phylogenies and Comparative Methods

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Multidisciplinary Approaches to the Study of Stone Age Weaponry

Part of the book series: Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology ((VERT))

Abstract

The aim of this work is to model patterns of morphological variation in Middle-Late Holocene stemmed projectile points from Patagonia through comparative methods. With this purpose, we explore the potential of different analytical strategies using projectile point shapes, obtained by means of geometric morphometrics. Phylogenetic and spatial variations were used to model morphological patterns on different scales. Morphological data comes from digitized images of projectile points from different areas of Patagonia. Morphometric characters were obtained using landmark and semilandmark descriptors. Mean shape by area was computed and used in cladistic analysis to model diversification trends. Then, phylogenetic and geographical coordinates were estimated for each data set and used as predictor variables in multiple regression procedures. Results suggest that historical patterns of shape change are channeled by spatial dimension. Pattern of mobility and interaction among human populations in Patagonia in the Middle-Late Holocene are discussed in light of these results.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Adams, D., Rohlf, J., & Slice, E. (2004). Geometric morphometrics: Ten years of progress following the ‘revolution’. Italian Journal of Zoology, 71, 5–16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, M. J. (2001). A new method for non-parametric multivariate analysis of variance. Austral Ecology, 26, 32–46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, M. J. (2003). DISTLM v3. a FORTRAN computer program to calculate a distance-based multivariate analysis for a linear model. New Zealand: Department of Statistics, University of Auckland.

    Google Scholar 

  • Andrefsky, W, Jr. (2006). Experimental and archaeological verification of an index of retouch for hafted bifaces. American Antiquity, 71, 743–757.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Atkinson, Q. D., Meade, A., Venditti, C., Greenhill, S. J., & Pagel, M. (2008). Languages evolve in punctuational bursts. Science, 319, 588.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Atteson, K. (1997). The performance of neighbor-joining algorithms of phylogeny reconstruction. In T. Jiang & D. Lee (Eds.), Lecture notes in computer Science (pp. 101–110). Berlin: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Béguelin, M., & Barrientos, G. (2006). Variación morfométrica postcraneal en muestras tardías de restos humanos de Patagonia: Una aproximación biogeográfica. Intersecciones en Antropología, 7, 49–62.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bernal, V., Pérez, S. I., González, P. N., Sardi, M., & Pucciarelli, H. M. (2010). Spatial patterns and evolutionary processes in southern South America: A study of dental morphometric variation. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 142, 95–104.

    Google Scholar 

  • Binford, L. R. (1963). ‘Red ocher’ caches from the Michigan Area: A possible case of cultural drift. Southwestern Journal of Anthropology, 19, 89–109.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bird, J. (1938). Antiquity and migrations of the early inhabitants of Patagonia (Vol. XXVIII, pp. 250–275). Geographical Review.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bird, J. (1946). The archaeology of Patagonia. In J. H. Steward (Ed.), Handbook of South American Indians (Vol. I, pp. 17–24). The marginal tribes Washington: Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bird, J. (1988). Travels and archaeology in South Chile. Iowa: University of Iowa Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bookstein, F. (1982). Foundation of morphometrics. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 13, 451–470.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bookstein, F. L. (1996–1997). Landmarks methods for form without landmarks: Morphometrics of group differences in outline shape. Medical Image Analysis, 1, 225–243.

    Google Scholar 

  • Borcard, D., & Legendre, P. (2002). All-scale spatial analysis of ecological data by means of principal coordinates of neighbour matrices. Ecological Modelling, 153, 51–68.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bórmida, M. (1964). Arqueología de la costa norpatagónica. Madrid: Trabajos de Prehistoria, XIV.

    Google Scholar 

  • Borrero, L. A. (2001). Cambios, continuidades, discontinuidades: Discusiones sobre arqueología Fuego-patagónica. In E. Berberián & A. Nielsen (Eds.), Historia Argentina Prehispánica (pp. 815–838). Córdoba: Editorial Brujas.

    Google Scholar 

  • Borrero, L. A., & Borrazzo, K. (2011). La geografía cultural del sudoeste de Patagonia continental. In L. A. Borrero & K. Borrazo (Eds.), Bosques, Motañas y Cazadores (pp. 7–36). Buenos Aires: CONICET-IMICIHU.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boyd, R., & Richerson, P. J. (1985). Culture and the evolutionary process. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boyd, R., Richerson, P. J., Borgerhoff-Mulder, M., & Durham, W. H. (1997). Are cultural phylogenies possible? In P. Weingart, P. J. Richerson, S. D. Mitchell & S. Maasen (Eds.), Human by nature. Between biology and the social sciences (pp. 355–386). New York: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buchanan, B. (2006). An analysis of Folsom projectile point resharpening using quantitative comparisons of form and allometry. Journal of Archaeological Science, 33, 185–199.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buchanan, B., & Collard, M. (2007). Investigating the peopling of North America through cladistic analyses of Early Paleoindian projectile points. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, 26, 366–393.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buchanan, B., & Collard, M. (2008). Phenetics, cladistics, and the search for the Alaskan ancestors of the Paleoindians: A reassessment of relationships among the Clovis, Nenana, and Denali archaeological complexes. Journal of Archaeological Science, 35, 1683–1694.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buchanan, B., & Collard, M. (2010). A geometric morphometric-based assessment of blade shape differences among Paleoindian projectile point types from western North America. Journal of Archaeological Science, 37, 350–359.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cardillo, M. (2009). Temporal trends in the morphometric variation of the lithic projectile points during the Middle Holocene of Southern Andes (Puna region). A coevolutionary approach. In H. Muscio & G. López (Eds.), Theoretical and methodological issues in evolutionary archaeology: Toward an unified Darwinian paradigm (pp. 13–20). Oxford: BAR International series.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cardillo, M. (2011). Exploring latitudinal patterns of lithic technology variation in continental coastal Patagonia, Argentina. Journal of Archaeological Science, 38, 2675–2682.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cardillo, M., & Charlin, J. (2010). Diversificación morfológica en las puntas de proyectil de Patagonia. Work presented at Primer Encuentro de Morfometría “Morfometría geométrica y estudios filogenéticos”, Universidad de La Plata, La Plata.

    Google Scholar 

  • Castiñeira, C., Cardillo, M., Charlin, J., Fernicola, J. C., & Baeza, J. (2009). Análisis morfométrico de los cabezales líticos “cola de pescado” del Uruguay. In O. Palacios, C. Vázquez, T. Palacios & E. Cabanillas (Eds.), Arqueometría Latinoamericana (pp. 360–366). Buenos Aires: Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica.

    Google Scholar 

  • Castiñeira, C., Cardillo, M., Charlin, J., & Baeza, J. (2011). Análisis de morfometría geométrica en puntas Cola de Pescado del Uruguay. Latin American Antiquity, 22, 335–358.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Castiñeira, C., Charlin, J., Cardillo, M., & Baeza, J. (2012). Exploring morphometric variations in Fishtail projectile points from Uruguay, Pampa and Patagonia. In L. Miotti, M. Salemme, N. Flegenheimer & T. Goebel (Eds.), Southbound: Late Pleistocene peopling of Latin America, current research in the Pleistocene special publication (Part 2, pp. 57–62). Texas: Center for the Study of the First Americans.

    Google Scholar 

  • Catalano, S., Goloboff, P., & Giannini, N. (2010). Phylogenetic morphometrics (I): The use of landmark data in a phylogenetic framework. Cladistics, 26, 539–549.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cavalli-Sforza, L., & Feldman, M. (1981). Cultural transmission and evolution: A quantitative approach. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cavalli-Sforza, L., Menozzi, P., & Piazza, A. (1994). The history and geography of human genes. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Charlin, J., & Borrero, L. A. (2012). Rock art, inherited landscapes and human populations in Southern Patagonia. In J. McDonald & P. Veth (Eds.), A companion to rock art, (Chapter 22, pp. 381–398). Hoboken: Wiley-Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Charlin, J., & González-José, R. (2012). Size and shape variation in Late Holocene projectile points of southern Patagonia. A geometric morphometric study. American Antiquity, 77, 221–242.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clapperton, Ch. (1993). Quaternary geology and geomorphology of South America. Amsterdam: Elsevier.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cocilovo, J., & Guichón, R. (1985–1986). Propuesta para el estudio de las poblaciones aborígenes del extremo austral de Patagonia. Anales del Instituto de la Patagonia, 16, 111–123.

    Google Scholar 

  • Collard, M. (2006). Branching, blending, and the evolution of cultural similarities and differences among human populations. Evolution and Human Behavior, 27, 169–184.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Collard, M., Shennan, S. J., & Tehrani, J. (2005). Branching versus blending in macroscale cultural evolution: A comparative study. In C. P. Lipo, M. J. O’Brien, M. Collard & S. J. Shennan (Eds.), Mapping our ancestors: Phylogenetic methods in anthropology and prehistory (pp. 53–65). New York: Aldine Transaction.

    Google Scholar 

  • Darwent, J., & O’Brien, M. (2006). Using cladistics to construct lineages of projectile points from northeastern Missouri. In C. P. Lipo, M. O’Brien, M. Collard & S. Shennan (Eds.), Mapping our ancestors: Phylogenetic approaches in anthropology and prehistory (pp. 185–208). New York: Aldine.

    Google Scholar 

  • Diniz-Filho, J. A. F., Bini, L. M., Rodríguez, M. Á., Rangel, T. F. L. V., & Hawkins, B. A. (2007). Seeing the forest for the trees: Partitioning ecological and phylogenetic components of Bergmann’s rule in European Carnivora. Ecography, 30, 598–608.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Diniz-Filho, J. A. F., De Santana, C. E. R., & Bini, L. M. (1998). An eigenvector method for estimating phylogenetic inertia. Evolution, 52, 1247–1262.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dormann, C. F. (2007). Effects of incorporating spatial autocorrelation into the analysis of species distribution data. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 16, 129–138.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dunnell, R. C. (1978). Style and function: A fundamental dichotomy. American Antiquity, 43, 192–202.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Durham, W. H. (1991). Coevolution: Genes culture and human diversity. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Flegenheimer, N. (2009). Catálogo para Réplicas de Las Primeras Ocupaciones Pampeanas Necochea: Área Arqueología y Antropología, Municipalidad de Necochea.

    Google Scholar 

  • Flenniken, J. J., & Raymond, A. W. (1986). Morphological projectile point typology: Replication, experimentation and technological analysis. American Antiquity, 51, 603–614.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Franco, N. (2002). Estrategias de utilización de recursos líticos en la cuenca superior del Río Santa Cruz. PhD dissertation, Universidad de Buenos Aires.

    Google Scholar 

  • Franco, N., Cardillo, M., & Borrero, L. (2005). Una primera aproximación a la variabilidad presente en las puntas denominadas “Bird IV”. Werken, 6, 81–95.

    Google Scholar 

  • Franco, N., Castro, A., Cardillo, M., & Charlin, J. (2009). La importancia de las variables morfológicas, métricas y de microdesgaste para evaluar las diferencias en diseños de puntas de proyectil bifaciales pedunculadas: Un ejemplo del sur de Patagonia continental. Magallania, 37, 99–112.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Franco, N., Gómez Otero, J., Guráieb, G., Goye, S., Cirigliano, N., & Banegas, A. (2010). Variaciones espaciales en diseños de puntas pedunculadas medianas en Patagonia Argentina: Una nueva aproximación. In J. R. Bárcena & H. Chiavazza (Eds.), Arqueología Argentina en el Bicentenario de la Revolución de Mayo, tomo I (Chapter 5, pp. 281–286). Mendoza: Facultad de Filosofía y Letras de la Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, INCIHUSA-CONICET & ANPCyT.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gascuel, O., & Steel, M. (2006). Neighbor-joining revealed. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 23, 1997–2000.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goloboff, P. A., & Catalano, S. A. (2011). Phylogenetic morphometrics (II): Algorithms for landmark optimization. Cladistics, 27, 42–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goloboff, P. A., Mattoni, C. I., & Quinteros, A. S. (2006). Continuous characters analyzed as such. Cladistics, 22, 589–601.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gómez Otero, J., Banegas, A., Goye, M. S., & Franco, N. V. (2009). Variabilidad morfológica de puntas de proyectil en la costa centro-septentrional de Patagonia Argentina: Primeros estudios y primeras preguntas. In Octavo Congreso de Historia Social y Política de la Patagonia Argentino-Chilena. Las fuentes en la construcción de una Historia Patagónica (pp. 110–118). Rawson: Secretaría de Cultura de la Provincia del Chubut.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gould, S. K. (2002). The structure of evolutionary theory. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gray, R. D., & Atkinson, Q. D. (2003). Language-tree divergence times support the Anatolian theory of Indo-European origin. Nature, 426, 435–439.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Greenhill, S. J., Currie, T. E., & Gray, R. D. (2009). Does horizontal transmission invalidate cultural phylogenies? Proceedings of Royal Society, 276, 2299–2306.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Griffith, D. A., & Peres-Neto, P. (2006). Spatial modeling in ecology: The flexibility of eigenfunction spatial analyses. Ecology, 87, 2603–2613.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guglielmino, C. R., Viganotti, C., Hewlett, B., & Cavalli-Sforza, L. L. (1995). Cultural variation in Africa: Role of mechanism of transmission and adaptation. Proceeding of the National Academy of Sciences, 92, 7585–7589.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hammer, Ø., Harper, D. A. T., & Ryan, P. D. (2001). PAST: Paleontological statistics software package for education and data analysis. Palaeontologia Electronica, 4, 9 http://palaeo-electronica.org/20011/past/issue101.htm

  • Harmon, M. J., VanPool, T. L., Leonard, R. D., VanPool, C. S., & Salter, L. A. (2006). Reconstructing the flow of information across time and space: A phylogenetic analysis of ceramic traditions from prehispanic western and northern Mexico and the American southwest. In C. P. Lipo, M. J. O’Brien, S. Shennan & M. Collard (Eds.), Mapping our ancestors: Phylogenetic approaches in anthropology and prehistory (pp. 209–229). New Brunswick: Aldine Transaction.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harvey, P. H., & Pagel, M. D. (1991). The comparative method in evolutionary biology. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hunzicker, D. (2008). Folsom projectile technology: An experiment in design, effectiveness and efficiency. Plains Anthropologist, 53, 291–311.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jordan, P., & Shennan, S. J. (2009). Diversity in hunter-gatherer technological traditions: Mapping trajectories of cultural ‘descent with modification’ in Northeast California. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, 28, 342–365.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lalueza, C., Pérez-Pérez, A., Prats, E., Cornudella, L., & Turbon, D. L. (1997). Lack of founding Amerindian mitochondrial DNA lineages in extinct aborigines from Tierra de Fuego-Patagonia. Human Molecular Genetics, 6, 41–46.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lipo, C., O’Brien, M., Collard, M., & Shennan, S. J. (Eds.). (2005). Mapping our ancestors: Phylogenetic methods in anthropology and prehistory. New York: Aldine Transaction.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lycett, S. J. (2009). Understanding ancient hominin dispersals using artefactual data: A phylogeographic analysis of Acheulean handaxes. PLoS ONE, 4, 1–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mace, R., & Pagel, M. (1994). The comparative method in anthropology. Current Anthropology, 35, 549–564.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meghin, O. F. A. (1952). Fundamentos cronológicos de la prehistoria de Patagonia. Runa, 5, 23–43.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mesoudi, A., & O’Brien, M. J. (2008a). The cultural transmission of Great Basin projectile-point technology I: An experimental simulation. American Antiquity, 73, 3–28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mesoudi, A., & O’Brien, M. J. (2008b). The cultural transmission of Great Basin projectile-point technology II: An agent-based computer simulation. American Antiquity, 73, 627–644.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mihaescu, R., Levy, D., & Pachter, L. (2009). Why neighbor-joining works. Algorithmica, 54, 1–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morrow, J. E., & Morrow, T. A. (1999). Geographic variation in fluted projectile points: A hemispheric perspective. American Antiquity, 64, 215–231.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Muscio, H. J. (2010). Transferencia Horizontal, Cladismo y Filogenias Culturales. In J. L. Escasena Carrasco, D. García Rivero & F. J. García Fernández (Eds.), Clasificación y Arqueología: Enfoques y Métodos Taxonómicos a la Luz de la Evolución Darwiniana (pp. 223–251). Sevilla:Universidad de Sevilla.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nami, H. (1984). Algunas observaciones sobre la manufactura de las puntas de proyectil de El Volcán. PREP: Informes de Investigación, 1, 85–107.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Brien, M., & Lyman, R. (2003). Cladistics and archaeology. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Orquera, L. A. (1987). Advances in the archaeology of the Pampas and Patagonia. Journal of World Prehistory, 1, 333–413.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peres-Neto, P. R. (2006). A unified strategy for estimating and controlling spatial, temporal and phylogenetic autocorrelation in ecological models. Oecologia Brasiliensis, 10, 105–119.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pérez, S. I., & Monteiro, L. M. (2009). Nonrandom factors in modern human morphological diversification: A study of craniofacial variation in southern South American populations. Evolution, 63, 978–993.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pérez, S. I., Diniz-Filho, J. A. F., Bernal, V., & González, P. N. (2010). Spatial regression techniques for inter-population data: Studying the relationships between morphological and ecological variation. Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 23, 237–248.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pérez, S. I., Lema, V., Diniz-Filho, J. A. F., Bernal, V., González, P. N., Gobbo, D., et al. (2011). The role of diet and temperature in shaping cranial diversification of South American human populations: An approach based on spatial regression and rate tests. Journal of Biogeography, 38, 148–163.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • R Development Core Team 9 (2007). R: A language and environment for statistical computing, reference index version 2.2.1. R foundation for statistical computing, Vienna, Austria. URL http://www.R-project.org

  • Rangel, T. F., Diniz-Filho, J. A. F., & Bini, L. M. (2010). SAM: A comprehensive application for spatial analysis in macroecology. Ecography, 33, 46–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ratto, N. (1992). Técnicas de caza prehistóricas en ambientes de Patagonia (Tierra del Fuego, Argentina). Palimpsesto, 1, 37–49.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ratto, N. (1994). Funcionalidad vs. adscripción cultural: Cabezales líticos de la margen norte del estrecho de Magallanes. In J. L. Lanata & L. A. Borrero (Eds.), Arqueología de cazadores-recolectores. Límites, casos y aperturas (pp. 105–120). Buenos Aires: Arqueología contemporánea 5. Edición Especial.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rohlf, J. (1993). Relative warp analysis and an example of its application to mosquito wings. In L. F. Marcus, E. Bello & A. Garcia-Valdecasa (Eds.), Contributions to morphometrics (pp. 131–159). Madrid: Museo Nacional de Ciencias.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rohlf, F. (2004). TPSUtil. version 1.26. Department of Ecology and Evolution. New York: State University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rohlf, F. (2007). TPSRelw version 1.45. Department of ecology and evolution, New York: State University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rohlf, F., & Slice, D. (1990). Extensions of Procrustes method for the optimal superimposition of landmarks. Systematic Zoology, 39, 40–59.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rots, V. (2016). Projectiles and hafting technology. In R. Iovita & K. Sano (Eds.), Multidisciplinary approaches to the study of Stone Age weaponry (pp. 167–185). Dordrecht: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saitou, N., & Nei, M. (1987). The neighbor-joining method: A new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 4, 406–425.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shott, M. J. (2016). Survivorship distribution in experimental spear points: Implications for tool design and assemblage formation. In R. Iovita & K. Sano (Eds.), Multidisciplinary approaches to the study of Stone Age weaponry (pp. 245–258). Dordrecht: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shott, M., & Ballenger, J. A. M. (2007). Biface reduction and the measurement of Dalton curation: A southeastern United States case study. American Antiquity, 72, 153–175.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shott, M., Hunzicker, D. A., & Patten, B. (2007). Pattern and allometric measurement of reduction in experimental Folsom bifaces. Lithic Technology, 32, 203–217.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tehrani, J., & Collard, M. (2002). Investigating cultural evolution through biological phylogenetic analyses of Turkmen textiles. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, 21, 443–463.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thulman, D. K. (2012). Discriminating Paleoindian point types from Florida using landmark geometric morphometrics. Journal of Archaeological Science, 39, 1599–1607.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Radu Iovita and Katsuhiro Sano, for inviting us to participate of the workshop “Multidisciplinary Approaches to the Study of Stone Age Weaponry” carried out in the Institut für Vor- und Frühgeschichte, University of Mainz. Thanks to Peter White and Jimena Alberti for their fruitful suggestions about English translation and to the reviewers whose comments have very much improved this paper. We are entirely responsible for any errors or omissions. This research was funded by Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Historia y Ciencias Humanas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Saavedra 15 5th floor, 1083ACA, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Marcelo Cardillo & Judith Charlin

Authors
  1. Marcelo Cardillo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Judith Charlin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Marcelo Cardillo .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Museum for Human Behavioural Evolution,, MONREPOS Archaeological Research Centre, Neuwied, Germany

    Radu Iovita

  2. University Museum, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

    Katsuhiro Sano

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Cardillo, M., Charlin, J. (2016). Morphological Diversification of Stemmed Projectile Points of Patagonia (Southernmost South America). Assessing Spatial Patterns by Means of Phylogenies and Comparative Methods. In: Iovita, R., Sano, K. (eds) Multidisciplinary Approaches to the Study of Stone Age Weaponry. Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7602-8_18

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation