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Vesico-ureteral Reflux

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Neurourology

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Abstract

Vesico-ureteral reflux (VUR) in patients with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) can either be due to reasons unrelated to NLUTD, like morphologic changes, or can develop as a secondary complication of NLUTD, e.g. due to elevated pressures during storage and/or voiding, or due to bladder wall fibrosis. Cystography remains the gold standard for diagnosis of vesico-renal reflux. The most commonly used grading system distinguishes lower grade reflux (reflux grade I = does not reach the renal pelvis, grade II = reaches the renal pelvis, but no dilatation; grade III = mild dilatation of the collecting system, normal/minimally deformed fornices) from higher grade reflux (grade IV = moderate dilatation of the collecting system, blunt fornices; grade V = marked dilatation of the collecting system/hydronephrosis) [1].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Swiss Paraplegic Center, Nottwil, Switzerland

    Jürgen Pannek

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  1. Jürgen Pannek
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Correspondence to Jürgen Pannek .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Urology, China Rehabiliation Research Center Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

    Limin Liao

  2. Department of Urology, University Hospital, Innsbruck, Austria

    Helmut Madersbacher

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Pannek, J. (2019). Vesico-ureteral Reflux. In: Liao, L., Madersbacher, H. (eds) Neurourology. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7509-0_52

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7509-0_52

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-017-7507-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-017-7509-0

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

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