Abstract
Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in patients with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) can develop as a secondary complication of NLUTD, e.g., due to elevated intravesical pressures, or due to bladder wall fibrosis. Cystography remains the gold standard for diagnosis. High-grade VUR is regarded as a risk factor for recurrent pyelonephritis and reflux nephropathy pyelonephritis and renal scarring. In secondary VUR, treatment consists of treatment of neurogenic detrusor overactivity. The treatment of VUR is complex and special, with a variety of options, from active surveillance to surgical treatment. This chapter reviewed special aspects on VUR in different NLUTD to help clinicians identify VUR and choose appropriate methods to treat it.
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Pannek, J., Liao, L. (2023). Vesicoureteral Reflux. In: Liao, L., Madersbacher, H. (eds) Handbook of Neurourology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7939-1_76-1
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