The Pattern of Lithium Side-Effects and Toxic Reactions in the Course of Lithium Therapy

Abstract

The consumption of lithium salts has increased appreciably over the past few years, reflecting an almost universal acceptance of the pre-eminent efficacy and specificity of the lithium ion in extinguishing and controlling primary affective disturbances without altering adversely cognitive or affective functioning. An appreciably large number of psychiatrists not only treat manic and depressive patients with lithium where indicated, but also serve as consultants to an increasing number of general practitioners who now provide direct clinical care for patients on prophylactic or maintenance lithium. Unsurprisingly, the increase in the clinical use of lithium over the past 10 years is paralleled by a concomitant increase in the number and variety of reported side-effects, both innocuous and transient, as well as by reports of the more serious lithium intoxication.