Abstract
Agrobacterium tumefaciens and A. rhizogenes are soil pathogens that induce crown gall tumors and hairy roots, respectively, on plants. During the infection a specific segment of the tumor-inducing (Ti) or root-inducing (Ri) plasmid, the T-DNA, is transferred from the bacterium to the plant cell, followed by its integration in the plant genome and subsequent expression. The T-DNA contains 1) genes encoding enzymes involved in the synthesis of phytohormones (onc genes) that cause proliferation of crown gall and hairy root cells and 2) genes which code for the production of opines, that serve as specific nutrients for the infecting bacteria. The T-DNA region on the Ti-plasmid is flanked by directly repeated 25-bp border sequences that are required in cis for its precise excision and transfer to the plant cell (Zambryski, 1992). Excision and transfer functions of the T-DNA are mediated by vir genes, located on the Ti-plasmid outside the border sequences. This DNA transfer system based on Agrobacterium T-DNA transfer has been exploited to develop host-vector systems for the introduction of gene constructs in plant species.
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D’Halluin, K., Botterman, J. (1998). The Use of Agrobacterium for Plant Genetic Engineering. In: Spaink, H.P., Kondorosi, A., Hooykaas, P.J.J. (eds) The Rhizobiaceae. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5060-6_17
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5060-6_17
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