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Salicylic acid in the machinery of hypersensitive cell death and disease resistance

  • Chapter
Programmed Cell Death in Higher Plants

Abstract

Although extensive data has described the key role of salicylic acid (SA) in signaling pathogen-induced disease resistance, its function in physiological processes related to cell death is still poorly understood. Recent studies have explored the requirement of S A for mounting the hypersensitive response (HR) against an invading pathogen, where a particular cell death process is activated at the site of attempted infection causing a confined lesion. Biochemical data suggest that SA potentiates the signal pathway for HR by affecting an early phosphorylation-sensitive step preceding the generation of pro-death signals, including those derived from the oxidative burst. Accordingly, the epistatic relationship between cell death and SA accumulation, analyzed in crosses between lesion-mimic mutants (spontaneous lesion formation) and the transgenic nahG line (depleted in SA) places the SA activity in a feedback loop downstream and upstream of cell death. Exciting advances have been made in the identification of cellular protective functions and cell death suppressors that might operate in HR. Moreover, the spatio-temporal patterns of the SA accumulation (non-homogeneous distribution, biphasic kinetics) described in some HR lesions, may also reveal important clues for unraveling the complex cellular network that tightly balances pro- and anti-death functions in the hypersensitive cell death. The term ‘necrotic’ alludes to either apoptotic or necrotic cell death.

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Abbreviations

AA:

arachidonic acid; avr gene, pathogen avirulence gene

BA:

benzoic acid

BA2H:

benzoic acid 2-hydroxylase

COX:

cyclooxygenase

HR:

hypersensitive response

H202 :

hydrogen peroxide

IKK:

IKB kinase complex

INA:

2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid

MAP kinase:

mitogen-activated protein kinase

NO:

nitric oxide

03 :

ozone

02- :

superoxide anion

PAL:

phenylalanine ammonia-lyase

PR:

protein, pathogenesis-related protein

R gene:

plant resistance gene

ROI:

reactive oxygen intermediates

SA:

salicylic acid

SAG:

SA 2-0-ß-D-glucoside

SAR:

systemic acquired resistance

tCA:

trans-cinnamic acid

TMV:

tobacco mosaic virus

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Química Biológica, CIQUIBIC-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina

    María Elena Alvarez

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  1. María Elena Alvarez
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  1. Biotech Center, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA

    Eric Lam

  2. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

    Hiroo Fukuda

  3. Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA

    Jean Greenberg

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Alvarez, M.E. (2000). Salicylic acid in the machinery of hypersensitive cell death and disease resistance. In: Lam, E., Fukuda, H., Greenberg, J. (eds) Programmed Cell Death in Higher Plants. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0934-8_14

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0934-8_14

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