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Dynamic utilization of GABA in substantia nigra: regulation by dopamine and GABA in the striatum, and its clinical and behavioral implications

  • Chapter
The Biological Effects of Glutamic Acid and Its Derivatives

Part of the book series: Developments in Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry ((DMCB,volume 1))

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Abstract

The neural circuitry of the basal ganglia provides a challenging framework in which to consider the role and regulation of GABA-containing synapses. GABA-containing neurons and terminals are located throughout the various nuclei of the basal ganglia, including caudate and putamen (together referred to as ‘striatum’), globus pallidus, and substantia nigra (SN). In fact, the concentration of GABA in the SN is the highest of all brain areas. In this system we can find an excellent example of a ‘long-distance’ GABAergic neural pathway projecting from the striatum to the SN, as well as a significant population of smaller GABAergic neurons intrinsic to the striatum (interneurons). Moreover, it is likely that the various GABA neurons in the basal ganglia are involved in circuits in which they mutually regulate each other’s activity, as well as the activity of neurons containing other neurotransmitters. At the same time, these GABAergic neurons are subject to the control and influence of several pathways which converge on the striatum; in this context they may serve a significant integrating function.

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  1. Dept. of Pharmacology, Georgetown University Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Washington, D. C., USA

    K. Gale & M. Casu

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Gale, K., Casu, M. (1981). Dynamic utilization of GABA in substantia nigra: regulation by dopamine and GABA in the striatum, and its clinical and behavioral implications. In: Najjar, V.A. (eds) The Biological Effects of Glutamic Acid and Its Derivatives. Developments in Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, vol 1. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-8027-3_24

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