A comparative study of the pharmacology of inhibitors of GABA-metabolism

Summary

Four catalytic inhibitors of GABA-aminotransferase (GABA-T), viz. gabaculine, γ-acetylenic GABA, γ-vinyl GABA, and ethanolamine O-sulphate (EOS), as well as the unspecific enzyme inhibitor aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA), sodium valproate (VPA), and GABA itself were studied for anticonvulsant, biochemical, and toxic effects in mice. Elevations of the electroconvulsive threshold by 30 V were produced at the time of their maximal effect by the i.p. injection (AOAA s.c.) of 13 mg/kg AOAA, 37 mg/kg gabaculine, 65mg/kg γ-acetylenic GABA, 125 mg/kg VPA, 1,440 mg/kg EOS, 1,900 mg/kg γ-vinyl GABA and 2,800 mg/kg GABA. At these doses, all drugs except GABA and VPA increased the clonic pentetrazole threshold to a similar extent, but differed in their increases in the brain content of GABA, which varied from 70% (EOS) to 300% (γ-vinyl GABA) as a consequence of decreases in the activity of GABA-T. The activity of the GABA-synthesizing enzyme glutamate decarboxylase was decreased only by γ-acetylenic GABA. When determining the anticonvulsant effect of the different drugs against the convulsant ED 97 of pentetrazole, 3-mercaptopropionic acid, strychnine and maximal electroshock seizures, gabaculine, AOAA, VPA and in part γ-vinyl GABA and GABA were efficacious enough to allow the determination f ED₅₀ values, whereas γ-acetylenic GABA and EOS showed no clear activity in any of these seizure models.

Gabaculine and AOAA at their anticonvulsant ED₅₀ were toxic or lethal. All inhibitors of GABA-T except EOS caused numerous side effects which cast doubt on the specificity of these drugs. The present results indicate that inhibitors of GABA-T hardly seem to be suited for treatment of convulsive disorders in human but are useful tools in studies of experimental epilepsy.