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Acid rain and its effects on sediments in lakes and streams

  • Conference paper
Sediment/Water Interactions

Part of the book series: Developments in Hydrobiology ((DIHY,volume 50))

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Abstract

Wet and dry deposition of acidic substances, which are emitted to the atmosphere by human activities, have been falling on increasingly widespread areas throughout the world in recent decades. As a result, annual precipitation averages less than pH 4.5 over large areas of the Northern Temperate Zone, and not infrequently, individual rainstorms and cloud or fog-water events have pH values less than 3. Concurrently, thousands of lakes and streams in North America and Europe have become so acidified that they no longer support viable populations of fish and other organisms.

Acid deposition may affect sediments in lakes and streams in a variety of ways. In particular, the sediment-water exchange of metals, sulfur, nitrogen and phosphorus, microbial processes, growth of periphyton and macrophytes, and benthic invertebrates may be affected.

Overall, the effects of acid deposition on lake and stream ecosystems are the result of numerous and complex biogeochemical interactions, including catchment characteristics, flow path and residence time of water, and lake-basin morphometry and acid neutralization capacity of both aquatic and terrestrial (catchment) ecosystems.

Suggestions for future research are given.

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  1. Institute of Ecosystem Studies, The New York Botanical Garden, Millbrook, New York, 12545, USA

    Gene E. Likens

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  1. Rawson Academy of Aquatic Science, 404 - 1 Nicholas Street, K1N 7B7, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

    Peter G. Sly

  2. Stream Ecology Centre, Chisholm Institute of Technology, 3145, Caulfield East, Victoria, Australia

    Barry T. Hart

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Likens, G.E. (1988). Acid rain and its effects on sediments in lakes and streams. In: Sly, P.G., Hart, B.T. (eds) Sediment/Water Interactions. Developments in Hydrobiology, vol 50. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2376-8_31

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