Abstract
Tremendous progress in plant peroxisome research has revealed unexpected metabolic functions for plant peroxisomes. Besides photorespiration and lipid metabolism, plant peroxisomes play a key role in many metabolic and signaling pathways, such as biosynthesis of phytohormones, pathogen defense, senescence-associated processes, biosynthesis of biotin and isoprenoids, and metabolism of urate, polyamines, sulfite, phylloquinone, volatile benzenoids, and branched chain amino acids. These peroxisomal pathways require an interplay with other cellular compartments, including plastids, mitochondria, and the cytosol. Consequently, a considerable number of substrates, intermediates, end products, and cofactors have to shuttle across peroxisome membranes. However, our knowledge of their membrane passage is still quite limited. This review describes the solute transport processes required to connect peroxisomes with other cell compartments. Furthermore, we discuss the known and yet-to-be-defined transport proteins that mediate these metabolic exchanges across the peroxisomal bilayer.
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Abbreviations
- AA:
-
Amino acid
- AAE:
-
Acyl-activating enzyme
- ABC:
-
ATP binding cassette
- ABI5:
-
Abscisic acid-insensitive 5
- APX:
-
Ascorbate peroxidase
- ASC:
-
Ascorbate
- ATP:
-
Adenosine triphosphate
- BA:
-
Benzoic acid
- BCAA:
-
Branched chain amino acid
- β-ox:
-
β-oxidation
- BZO1:
-
Benzoyl-CoA ligase
- CHY1/DBR5:
-
Peroxisomal β-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA hydrolase
- CoA:
-
Coenzyme A
- CTS:
-
COMATOSE (peroxisomal ABC transporter)
- 2,4-D:
-
Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- DAR:
-
Dehydroascorbate reductase
- 2,4-DB:
-
2,4-dichlorophenoxybutyrate
- D-2-HG:
-
D-2-hydroxyglutarate
- DHNA:
-
1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoate
- DiT2:
-
Glutamate/2-oxoglutarate translocator
- DMAPP:
-
Dimethylallyl diphosphate
- DOXP:
-
1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate
- FA:
-
Fatty acid
- FFS:
-
Farnesyl diphosphate synthase
- GAP:
-
Glycerinaldehyde 3-phosphate
- Glu:
-
Glutamate
- G6PD:
-
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
- GR:
-
Glutathione reductase
- GSH:
-
Glutathione
- GSSH:
-
Glutathione disulfide
- H2O2 :
-
Hydrogen peroxide
- IAA:
-
Indole acetic acid (auxin)
- IBA:
-
Indole butyric acid
- IDH:
-
Isocitrate dehydrogenase
- IDI:
-
Isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase
- IPP:
-
Isopentenyl diphosphate
- JA:
-
Jasmonic acid
- KAPA:
-
7-keto-8-amino-pelargonic acid
- NAD:
-
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
- NADH:
-
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced
- NADP:
-
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
- NADPH:
-
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reduced
- NAT:
-
Nucleobase-ascorbate transport protein
- NH4 + :
-
Ammonium
- MDAR:
-
Monodehydroascorbate reductase
- MVA:
-
Mevalonate
- MVD:
-
Mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase
- OG:
-
2-oxoglutarate
- OPC8:0:
-
3-oxo-2-(2′-[Z]-pentenyl)cyclopentane-1-octanoic acid
- OPDA:
-
12-oxophytodienoic acid
- OPPP:
-
Oxidative pentose phosphate pathway
- PA:
-
Polyamine
- PAL:
-
Phenylalanine ammonia lyase
- PHYLLO:
-
Plastid multifunctional enzyme
- 6PGD:
-
6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase
- 6PGL:
-
6-phosphogluconolactone
- PMK:
-
Phosphomevalonate kinase
- PMP22:
-
22 kDa peroxisomal membrane protein
- PNC:
-
Peroxisomal ATP transport proteins
- Pi :
-
Inorganic phosphate
- PPase:
-
Pyrophosphatase
- PPi:
-
Pyrophosphate
- PT:
-
Plastidial phosphate translocator
- PTS:
-
Peroxisomal targeting signal
- PUT1:
-
Small aliphatic amine transporter
- Pxmp2:
-
Peroxisomal membrane protein 2
- PXN:
-
Peroxisomal NAD/CoA transport protein
- Ru1.5BP:
-
Ribulose-1.5-bisphosphate
- RNAi:
-
RNA interference
- ROS:
-
Reactive oxygen species
- SA:
-
Salicylic acid
- SO:
-
Sulfite oxidase
- TCA:
-
Tricarboxylic acid cycle
- YFP:
-
Yellow fluorescent protein
- XDH:
-
Xanthine dehydrogenase
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the DFG-grant 1781/1-1, 1781/2-1 and GRK 1525 (to Nicole Linka). The authors are grateful to Andreas P. M. Weber for helpful discussion. Many thanks to Kristin Bernhardt, Martin Schroers, Sarah K. Vigelius, Jan Wiese, and Thomas Wrobel for their commitments to elucidate the peroxisomal permeome in plants. Rothamsted Research receives grant-aided support from the BBSRC of the UK.
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Linka, N., Theodoulou, F.L. (2013). Metabolite Transporters of the Plant Peroxisomal Membrane: Known and Unknown. In: del Río, L. (eds) Peroxisomes and their Key Role in Cellular Signaling and Metabolism. Subcellular Biochemistry, vol 69. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6889-5_10
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