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Cardiovascular Stem Cells

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Regenerative Medicine

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Abstract

Ischemic disorders are the main cause of death in the Western world. With more patients surviving their acute myocardial infarction and an aging population, congestive heart failure is the rising health problem. At present, heart transplantation remains the only curative treatment for end stage heart failure. The discrepancy between demand and supply of donor organs does not fill the clinical need. This explains the huge effort made in the field of stem cell research trying to establish alternative resources for tissue replacement. In contrast to adult stem cells mainly acting in a paracrine fashion pluripotent stem cells have the potential to generate transplantable myocardial and vascular tissue.

Due to the low percentage of cardiovascular progenitor cells in pluripotent stem cell cultures, various approaches using exogenous factors aim for their amplification and purification in vitro. However, one future key technology may be genetic forward programming based on profound understanding of differentiation pathways in order to direct stem cell differentiation towards cardiovascular fates. In this regard, subtype specific programming has already been achieved by overexpression of distinct early cardiovascular transcription factors leading to populations of either predominantly early/intermediate type cardiomyocytes or differentiated ventricular myocardial cells, respectively.

In addition, techniques for gentle purification of myocardial and vascular progenitor cells will have to be further refined in order to enable the generation of highly specific, pure and safe cell populations for transplantations and for tissue engineering.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Munich – Campus Grosshadern, Marchioninistrasse 15, D-81377, Munich, Germany

    Christoph Brenner M.D., Robert David Ph.D. & Wolfgang-Michael Franz M.D.

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  1. Christoph Brenner M.D.
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  2. Robert David Ph.D.
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  3. Wolfgang-Michael Franz M.D.
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Correspondence to Wolfgang-Michael Franz M.D. .

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  1. Klinik und Poliklinik für Herzchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Rostock, Schillingallee 35, Rostock, 18057, Germany

    Gustav Steinhoff

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Brenner, C., David, R., Franz, WM. (2013). Cardiovascular Stem Cells. In: Steinhoff, G. (eds) Regenerative Medicine. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5690-8_11

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