Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Retinal Photoreceptor Ellipsoid Zone Integrity in Diabetic Macular Edema

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography in Macular Diseases

  • 1218 Accesses

Abstract

Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and further advances in OCT technology have enabled higher resolution retinal imaging. With the delineation of the four hyperreflective bands in the outer retina, retinal microstructural changes have been documented in diabetic retinopathy. The integrity of photoreceptor external limiting membrane and inner segment ellipsoid zone, in particular, has been correlated with disease severity and visual acuity. Various OCT-based grading systems with regard to disruption of photoreceptor external limiting membrane and inner segment ellipsoid zone have been proposed. The pretreatment status of photoreceptor layer is also useful in predicting the post-treatment recovery of inner segment ellipsoid zone and visual acuity.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Ashakiran S, Krishnamurthy N, Navin S et al (2010) Behaviour of serum uric acid and lipid profile in relation to glycemic status in proliferative and non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Curr Neurobiol 2:57–61

    Google Scholar 

  • Bjork S, Kapur A, King H et al (2003) Global policy: aspects of diabetes in India. Health Policy 66:61–72

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bloomgarden ZT (2007) Screening for and managing diabetic retinopathy: current approaches. Am J Health Syst Pharm 64:S8–S14

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bolz M, Schmidt-Erfurth U, Deak G et al (2009) Optical coherence tomographic hyper-reflective foci: a morphologic sign of lipid extravasation in diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmology 116:914–920

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chhablani JK, Kim JS, Cheng L et al (2012) External limiting membrane as a predictor of visual improvement in diabetic macular edema after pars plana vitrectomy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 250:1415–1420

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chung H, Park B, Shin HJ (2012) Correlation of fundus autofluorescence with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and vision in diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmology 119:1056–1065

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fernandez EJ, Hermann B, Povazay B et al (2008) Ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography and pancorrection for cellular imaging of the living human retina. Opt Express 16:11083–11094

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Helmy YM, Atta Allah HRA (2013) Optical coherence tomography classification of diabetic cystoid macular edema. Clin Ophthalmol 7:1731–1737

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ito S, Miyamoto N, Ishida K et al (2013) Association between external limiting membrane status and visual acuity in diabetic macular edema. Br J Ophthalmol 97:228–232

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jain A, Saxena S, Khanna VK et al (2013) Status of serum VEGF and ICAM-1 and its association with external limiting membrane and inner segment-outer segment junction disruption in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Mol Vis 19:1760–1768

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Jain A, Saxena S, Ruia S et al (2015) Altered lipid profile is associated with external limiting membrane and inner segment ellipsoid band disruption in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a preliminary study. Open Sci J Clin Med 3:37–41

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim BY, Smith SD, Kaiser PK (2006) Optical coherence tomographic patterns of diabetic macular edema. Am J Ophthalmol 142:405–412

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ko TH, Fujimoto JG, Duker JS et al (2004) Comparison of ultrahigh- and standard-resolution optical coherence tomography for imaging macular hole pathology and repair. Ophthalmology 111:2033–2043

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Lu M, Perez VL, Ma N et al (1999) VEGF increases retinal vascular ICAM-1 expression in vivo. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 40:1808–1812

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lu RW, Curcio CA, Zhang Y et al (2012) Investigation of the hyper-reflective inner/outer segment band in optical coherence tomography of living frog retina. J Biomed Opt 17:060504

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Maheshwary AS, Oster SF, Yuson RM et al (2010) The association between percent disruption of the photoreceptor inner segment-outer segment junction and visual acuity in diabetic macular edema. Am J Ophthalmol 150:63–67

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Man RE, Sasongko MB, Sanmugasundram S et al (2012) Longer axial length is protective of diabetic retinopathy and macular edema. Ophthalmology 119:1754–1759

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Martidis A, Duker JS, Greenberg PB et al (2002) Intravitreal triamcinolone for refractory diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmology 109:920–927

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mehalow AK, Kameya S, Smith RS et al (2003) CRB1 is essential for external limiting membrane integrity and photoreceptor morphogenesis in the mammalian retina. Hum Mol Genet 12:2179–2189

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Moore TC, Moore JE, Kaji Y et al (2003) The role of advanced glycation end products in retinal microvascular leukostasis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 44:4457–4464

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Murakami T, Nishijima K, Akagi T et al (2012) Optical coherence tomographic reflectivity of photoreceptors beneath cystoid spaces in diabetic macular edema. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 53:1506–1511

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Murata T, Ishibashi T, Khalil A et al (1995) Vascular endothelial growth factor plays a role in hyperpermeability of diabetic retinal vessels. Ophthalmic Res 27:48–52

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nunes S, Pereira I, Santos A et al (2010) Central retinal thickness measured with HD-OCT shows a weak correlation with visual acuity in eyes with CSME. Br J Ophthalmol 94:1201–1204

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Omri S, Omri B, Savoldelli M et al (2010) The outer limiting membrane (OLM) revisited: clinical implications. Clin Ophthalmol 4:183–195

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Otani T, Yamaguchi Y, Kishi S (2010) Correlation between visual acuity and foveal microstructural changes in diabetic macular edema. Retina 30:774–780

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Quigely M, Cohen S (1999) A new pressure attenuation index to evaluate retinal circulation. A link to protective factors in diabetic retinopathy. Arch Ophthalmol 117:84–89

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saxena S, Mishra N, Khanna V et al (2014) Increased serum N-CML, VEGF and ICAM-1 is associated with photoreceptor inner segment ellipsoid disruption in diabetic retinopathy. JSM Biotechnol Bioeng 2:1039

    Google Scholar 

  • Saxena S, Srivastav K, Akduman L (2015) Spectral domain optical coherence tomography based alterations in macular thickness and inner segment ellipsoid are associated with severity of diabetic retinopathy. Int J Ophthalmol Clin Res 2:007

    Google Scholar 

  • Sebekova K, Kupcova V, Schinzel R et al (2002) Markedly elevated levels of plasma advanced glycation end products in patients with liver cirrhosis – amelioration by liver transplantation. J Hepatol 36:66–71

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma S, Oliver-Fernandez A, Liu W et al (2005) The impact of diabetic retinopathy on health-related quality of life. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 16:155–159

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma S, Saxena S et al (2015) Nitric oxide levels in diabetic retinopathy and its association with disruption of photoreceptor IS-OS junction and topographic alterations in retinal pigment epithelium. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. doi:10.1111/ceo.12506

  • Sharma SR, Saxena S, Mishra N et al (2014) The association of grades of photoreceptor inner segment-ellipsoid band disruption with severity of retinopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Case Rep Stud 2:205

    Google Scholar 

  • Shin HJ, Lee SH, Chung H et al (2012) Association between photoreceptor integrity and visual outcome in diabetic macular edema. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 250:61–70

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Spaide RF, Curcio CA (2011) Anatomical correlates to the bands seen in the outer retina by optical coherence tomography: literature review and model. Retina 31:1609–1619

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Srinivasan VJ, Ko TH, Wojtkowski M et al (2006) Noninvasive volumetric imaging and morphometry of the rodent retina with high-speed, ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 47:5522–5528

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Staurenghi G, Sadda S, Chakravarthy U et al (2014) for the International Nomenclature for Optical Coherence Tomography (IN_OCT) Panel. Proposed lexicon for anatomic landmarks in normal posterior segment spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Ophthalmology 21:1572–1578

    Google Scholar 

  • Strom C, Sander B, Larsen N et al (2002) Diabetic macular edema assessed with optical coherence tomography and stereo fundus photography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 43:241–245

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wakabayashi Y, Kimura K, Muramatsu D et al (2013) Axial length as a factor associated with visual outcome after vitrectomy for diabetic macular edema. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 54:6834–6840

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yamamoto S, Yamamoto T, Hayashi M et al (2001) Morphological and functional analyses of diabetic macular edema by optical coherence tomography and multifocal electroretinograms. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 239:96–101

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yamauchi Y, Yagi H, Usui Y et al (2011) Biological activity is the likely origin of the intersection between the photoreceptor inner and outer segments of the rat retina as determined by optical coherence tomography. Clin Ophthalmol 5:1649–1653

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Yanyali A, Bozkurt KT, Macin A et al (2011) Quantitative assessment of photoreceptor layer in eyes with resolved edema after pars plana vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane removal for diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmologica 226:57–63

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zong H, Ward M, Stitt AW (2011) AGEs, RAGE, and diabetic retinopathy. Curr Diab Rep 11:244–252

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ophthalmology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, UP, India

    Sandeep Saxena MS,FRCSEd,FRCS,FRCOphth,FAICO, Khushboo Srivastav MS, Surabhi Ruia MBBS & Prateep Phadikar MBBS

  2. Department of Ophthalmology, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, USA

    Levent Akduman MD

Authors
  1. Sandeep Saxena MS,FRCSEd,FRCS,FRCOphth,FAICO
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Khushboo Srivastav MS
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Surabhi Ruia MBBS
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Prateep Phadikar MBBS
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Levent Akduman MD
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sandeep Saxena MS,FRCSEd,FRCS,FRCOphth,FAICO .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Pallas Clinic, Aarau, Switzerland

    Carsten H. Meyer

  2. Department of Ophthalmology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India

    Sandeep Saxena

  3. Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, USA

    SriniVas R Sadda

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2017 Springer India

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Saxena, S., Srivastav, K., Ruia, S., Phadikar, P., Akduman, L. (2017). Retinal Photoreceptor Ellipsoid Zone Integrity in Diabetic Macular Edema. In: Meyer, C., Saxena, S., Sadda, S. (eds) Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography in Macular Diseases. Springer, New Delhi. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-3610-8_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-3610-8_9

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, New Delhi

  • Print ISBN: 978-81-322-3608-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-81-322-3610-8

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation