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Fluid Shear Stress and Vascular Endothelial Cell Biomechanics

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Clinical Biomechanics and Related Research

Summary

Vascular endothelium is now recognized as a very active cell layer that plays an important role in maintaining the vessel wall functions. The endothelial cells (ECs) have a variety of proliferative, synthetic, secretory, and self-adaptive capabilities that regulate vascular tonus, morphology, or adhesiveness by interacting with other cells such as vascular smooth muscle cells, platelets and white cells. Recent evidence suggests that these functions are all affected by fluid shear stress on the endothelial wall, which is a rhcological force shearing the luminal surface of the blood vessel when blood flows over it. Wall shear stress is a regulating factor of adaptive vessel growth and angiogenesis, and might be a local risk factor in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Shear stress also modulates the production of vasoactive substances such as endothelium-derived relaxing factor, prostacyclin, histamine, and endothelin, and regulates macromolecule permeability and endocytosis. More recent studies have shown that shear stress exerts an influence on the expression of mRNA of various EC-producing substances such as tissue plasminogen activator mRNA. These facts suggest that ECs have mechanoreceptors to detect changes in shear stress, the signal of which is transmitted to intracellular organelles. It is established that the intracellular Ca2+ response is involved in this shear-sensing mechanism of EC as the second messenger of the internal signaling system.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Medical Electronics, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113, Japan

    Akira Kamiya

  2. Department of Cardiovascular Biomechanics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113, Japan

    Joji Ando

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  1. Akira Kamiya
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  2. Joji Ando
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, 602, Japan

    Yasusuke Hirasawa M.D., Ph.D. (Professor and Chairman) (Professor and Chairman)

  2. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75, Francis Street, 02115, Boston, MA, USA

    Clement Blount Sledge M.D. (Professor) (Professor)

  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Kaufman Building, Suite 1010, 3471 Fifth Avenue, 15213, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Savio Lau-Yuen Woo Ph.D. (Ferguson Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery/Vice Chairman for Research, Professor) (Ferguson Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery/Vice Chairman for Research, Professor)

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© 1994 Springer-Verlag Tokyo

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Kamiya, A., Ando, J. (1994). Fluid Shear Stress and Vascular Endothelial Cell Biomechanics. In: Hirasawa, Y., Sledge, C.B., Woo, S.LY. (eds) Clinical Biomechanics and Related Research. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-66859-6_23

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-66859-6_23

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Tokyo

  • Print ISBN: 978-4-431-66861-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-4-431-66859-6

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