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Role and Mechanism of Ciliary Transport

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Vertebrate Photoreceptors

Abstract

Vertebrate rod photoreceptors are exceptionally adapted cells that convert light into image-forming signals, which are conveyed to the brain to create vision. The foundation for the optimal function of rod photoreceptors is the functional compartmentalization of the photosensitive membranes containing the light receptor rhodopsin to the uniquely modified primary cilia that form the specialized organelles, the rod outer segments (ROS). The ciliary transport machinery involved in ROS morphogenesis is composed of intersecting networks of macromolecular complexes that functionally link the small GTPases of the Arf and Rab families. This chapter summarizes the role and mechanisms of photoreceptor ciliary transport, with the main emphases on the ciliary targeting of rhodopsin, which is essential for photoreceptor function and viability.

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Abbreviations

ADRP:

Autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa

CTS:

Ciliary targeting signal

GAP:

GTPase activating protein

GEF:

Guanine nucleotide exchange factor

RIS:

Rod inner segment(s)

ROS:

Rod outer segment(s)

RTC(s):

Rhodopsin transport carrier(s)

TGN:

Trans-Golgi network

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Acknowledgments

I thank past and present laboratory members, particularly Jing Wang, for their valuable contributions to the studies described here and many colleagues for their stimulating discussions. Supported by the NIH grant EY-12421.

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  1. Departments of Surgery, Division of Ophthalmology, and Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Basic Medical Sciences Building, Rm. 377, 915 Camino de Salud, N. E., Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA

    Dusanka Deretic

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  1. Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan

    Takahisa Furukawa

  2. Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA

    James B. Hurley

  3. Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan

    Satoru Kawamura

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Deretic, D. (2014). Role and Mechanism of Ciliary Transport. In: Furukawa, T., Hurley, J., Kawamura, S. (eds) Vertebrate Photoreceptors. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54880-5_6

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