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Regenerative Medicine in Cochlear Implantation

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Regenerative Medicine for the Inner Ear

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Abstract

Cochlear implantation improves hearing and speech ability in patients with profound or severe sensorineural hearing loss. However, its effects are limited when there is a primary auditory neuron response deficiency. To overcome this limitation, several strategies have been developed for the preservation or regeneration of spiral ganglion cells, i.e., primary auditory neurons. Among those strategies, the administration of neurotrophic factors and the transplantation of neural stem or progenitor cells are two of the most promising. To preserve spiral ganglion cells, neurotrophic factors can be delivered into the cochlea by various methods including direct infusion, viral vectors, transplantation of neurotrophic factor-transfected cells, and transplantation of neural stem cells. To regenerate spiral ganglion cells, transplantation of stem or progenitor cells is required. The most efficient method is the transplantation of pluripotent stem cells that are induced toward neural or otic fate in vitro before transplantation.

In addition to overcoming the limitations of cochlear implantation, regenerative medicine plays a role in the extension of the cochlear implantation indication. Recently, even patients with residual hearing in the low frequency have received cochlear implantation. In this case, preservation of residual hair cells is mandatory. Several growth factors, including insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), are useful for that purpose because they can protect hair cells from injury and even regenerate them.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan

    Norio Yamamoto

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  1. Norio Yamamoto
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Correspondence to Norio Yamamoto .

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  1. Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan

    Juichi Ito

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Yamamoto, N. (2014). Regenerative Medicine in Cochlear Implantation. In: Ito, J. (eds) Regenerative Medicine for the Inner Ear. Springer, Tokyo. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54862-1_16

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54862-1_16

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