Abstract
A summary of the applications of MR contrast agents in cardiovascular imaging is shown in Table 27.1. Some of these applications are addressed in this chapter.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Al-saadi N, Nagel E, Gross M, et al (2000) Non-invasive detection of myocardial ischemia from perfusion reserve based on cardiovascular magnetic resonance. Circulation 101:1379–1383
Atkinson D, Brant-Zwadzki M, Gillan G, et al (1994) Improved MR angiography: magnetization transfer suppression with variable flip angle excitation and increased resolution. Radiology 190:890–894
Bakker CJ, Bos G, Weinmann HJ (2001) Passive tracking of catheters and guidwires by contrast-enhanced MR fluoroscopy. Magn Reson Med 45:17–23
Been M, Smith MA, Ridgway P (1988) Serial changes in the Tl magnetic relaxation parameter after myocardial infarction in man. Br Heart J 59:178–194
Bremerich J, Buser P, Bongartz G et al (1997) Noninvasive stress testing of myocardial ischemia: comparison of MRI perfusion and wall motion analysis to 99mTcMIBI SPECT, relation to coronary angiography. Eur Radiol 7:990–995
Bremerich J, Roberts TP, Wendland MF, et al (2000) Three-dimensional MR imaging of pulmonary vessels and parencyma with NCI00150 Injection (Clariscan™). J Magn Reson Imaging 11:622–628
Bremerich J, Saeed M, Arheden H, et al (2000) Differentiation between normal and infarcted myocardium by myocardial cellular uptake of manganese. Radiology 216:524–530
Bremerich J, Wendland MF, Arheden H, et al (1998) Microvascular injury in reperfused infarcted myocardium: noninvasive assessment with contrast-enhanced echoplanar magnetic resonance imaging. J Am Coll Cardiol 32:787–793
Bunce NH, Pennell DJ (1999) Coronary MRA — A clinical experience in Europe. J Magn Reson Imaging 10:721–731
Choi CJ, Haji-Momenian S, Dimaria J, et al (2002) Contrast washout by MRI identifies stunned myocardium in patients after reperfused myocardial infarction. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 4:19 (Abstract)
Clarke SE, Weinmann HJ, Dai E, et al (2000) Comparison of two blood pool contrast agents for 0.5-T MR angiography: experimental study in rabbits. Radiology 214:787–794
Cullen JHS, Horsefield MA, Reek CR, et al (1999) A myocardial perfusion reserve index in humans using first-pass contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging J Am Coll Cardiol 33:1386–1394
Danias PG, Stuber M, Edelman RR, et al (1999) Coronary MRA: a clinical experience in the United States. J Magn Reson Imaging 10:713–720
de Roos A, van Rossum AC, van der Wall EE, et al (1989) Reperfused and non-reperfused myocardial infarction: diagnostic potential of Gd-DTPA-enhanced MRI. Radiology 172:717–720
de Roos A, van Voorthuisen AE (1991) Magnetic resonance imaging of the heart: perfusion, function, and structure. Curr Opin Radiol 13: 525–532
Dendale P, Franken PR, Block P, et al (1998) Contrast-enhanced and functional magnetic resonance imaging for the detection of viable myocardium after infarction. Am Heart J 135: 875–880
Dick AJ, Guttman MA, Hill JM, et al (2002) Targeted delivery of stem cells to porcine myocardial infarction guided by real-time magnetic resonance imaging. Am J Cardiol, Sept 24; TCT-313
Dion YM, Ben El Kadi H, Boudoux C, et al (2000) Endovascular procedures under near real-time magnetic resonance imaging guidance: an experimental feasibility study. J Vase Surg 32:1006–1014
Dulce MC, Duerinckx AJ, Hartiala J, et al (1993) MR imaging of the myocardium using nonionic contrast medium: signal-intensity changes in patients with subacute myocardial infarction. Am J Roentgenol 160:963–970
Dymarkowski S, Ni Y, Miao Y, et al (2002) Value of T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging early after myocardial infarction in dogs. Invest Radiol 37:77–85
Eichstaedt WH, Felix F, Dougherty RC (1986) Magnetic resonance imaging at different stages of myocardial infarction using contrast agent gadolinium DTPA. Clin Cardiol 9:527–535
Fienno DS, Kim RJ, Chen EL, et al (2000) Contrast-enhanced MRI of myocardium at risk: distinction between reversible injury throughout infarct healing. J Am Coll Cardiol 36:1985–1991
Gerber BL, Bluemke DA, Chin BB, et al (2002) Single-vessel coronary artery stenosis: myocardial perfusion imaging with Gadomer-17 first-pass MR imaging in a swine model of comparison with gadopentate dimeglumine. Radiology 225:104–112
Gerber BL, Garot J, Bluemke DA, et al (2002) Accuracy of contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in predicting improvement of myocardial function in patients after acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 106:1083–1089
Gerber BL, Rochitte CE, Melin JA, et al (2000) Microvascular obstruction and left ventricular remodeling early after acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 101:2734–2741
Goyen M, Reuhm SG, Debartin JF (2000) MR-angiography: the role of contrast agents. Eur J Radiol 34:247–256
Grist T, Korosec F, Peters D, et al (1998) Steady-state and dynamic MR angiographic imaging with MS-325: initial experience in humans. Radiology 207:539–544
Haase A. Snapshot FLASH MRI (1990) Application to T1, T2 and chemical-shift imaging. Magn Reson Med 133:77–89
Hatabu H, Gaa J, Kim D, et al (1996) Pulmonary perfusion and angiography: evaluation with breath hold enhanced three dimensional fast imaging steady state percession MR imaging with short TR and TE. Am J Roentgenol 161: 635–655
Hatabu H, Gaa J, Kim D, et al (1996) Pulmonary perfusion: qualitative assessment with dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI using ultrashort TE and inversion recovery turbo FLASH. Magn Reson Med 36:503–508
Higgins CB, Saeed M, Wendland MF, et al (1994) Evaluation of myocardial function and perfusion in ischemic heart disease. MAGMA 2:177–184
Hill JM, Dick AJ, Raman VK, et al (2003) Serial cardiac magnetic resonance imaging of injected mesenchymal stem cells. Circulation 108:1009–1014
Ho KY, Leiner T, de Haan MW, et al (1998) Peripheral vascular tree stenosis: evaluation with moving-bed infusion-tracking MR angiography. Radiology 206:683–692
Jeong AK, Choi SI, Kim DH, et al (2001) Evaluation by contrast-enhanced MR imaging of the lateral border zone in reperfused myocardial infarction in a cat model. Koean J Radiol 2:21–27
Judd RM, Lugo-Olivieri CH, Arai M, et al (1995) Physiological basis of myocardial contrast enhancement in fast magnetic resonance images of 2-day-old reperfused canine infarcts. Circulation 92:1902–1910
Kellman P, Arial AE, McVeigh ER, et al (2002) Phase-sensitive inversion recovery for detecting myocardial infarction using gadolinium-delayed hyperenhancement. Magn Reson Med 47:372–383
Kim RJ, Fieno DS, Parrish TB, et al (1999) Relationship of MRI delayed contrast enhancement to reversible injury, infarct age and contractile function. Circulation 100:1992–2002
Kim RJ, Hillenbrand HB, Judd RM (2000) Evaluation of myocardial viability by MRI. Herz 25:417–430
Kim RJ, Wu E, Rafael A, et al (2000) The use of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging to identify reversible myocardial dysfunction. N Engl J Med 343:1445–1453
Klein C, Nagel E, Schnackenburg B, et al (2000) The intravascular contrast agent Clariscan™ (NC100150 injection) for 3D MR coronary angiography in patients with coronary artery disease. MAGMA 11:65–67
Kraitchman DL, Wilke N, Hexeberg, et al (1996) Myocardial perfusion and function in dogs with moderate coronary stenosis. Magn Reson Med 35:771–780
Kraitchman DL, Heldman AW, Atalar E, et al (2003) In vivo magnetic resonance imaging of mesenchymal stem cells in myocardial infarction. Circulation 107:2290–2293
Kramer CM (2000) Current and future applications of cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging. Cardiol Rev 8:216–222
Krombach GA, Higgins CH, Chujo M, et al (2002) Blood pool enhanced MRI detects suppression of microvascular permeability in early post-infarction reperfusion after nicorandil therapy. Magn Reson Med 47:896–902
Krombach GA, Saeed M, Higgins CB, et al (2003) Contrast enhanced MRI of stunned myocardium using Mn-based MRI contrast agent. Radiology (in press)
Krombach GA, Wendland MF, Higgins CH, et al (2002) MR imaging of spatial extent of microvascular injury in reperfused ischemically injured rat myocardium: value of blood pool ultrasmall superparamagnetic particles of iron oxide. Radiology 225:479–486
Kuehne T, Saeed M, Moore P, et al (2002) Influence of blood-pool contrast media on MR imaging and flow measurements in the presence of pulmonary arterial stents in swine. Radiology. 223:439–45
Laub G (1999) Principles of contrast-enhanced MR angiography. Basic and clinical applications. MRI Clinics of North America 7:783–795
Lauerma K, Saeed M, Wendland MF, et al (1994) The use of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging to define ischemic injury after reperfusion: comparison in normal and hypertrophied hearts. Invest Radiol 29:527–535
Lauerma K, Saeed M, Wendland MF, et al (1996) Verapamil reduces the size of reperfused ischemically injured myocardium in hypertrophied rat hearts as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. Am Heart J 131:14–23
Lauffer RB, Parmelle DJ, Dunham SU, et al (1998) MS-325: albumin-targeted contrast agent for MR angiography. Radiology 207:529–538
Lederman RJ, Uttman MA, Peters DC, et al (2002) Catheter-based endomyocardial injection with real-time magnetic resonance imaging. Circulation 105:1282–1284
Li D, Zheng J, Weinmann HJ (2001) Contrast-enhanced MR imaging of the coronary arteries: comparison of intra-and extravascular contrast agents in swine. Radiology 218:760–678
Lim T-H, Choi SH (1999) MRI of myocardial infarction. J Magn Reson Imaging 10:686–693
Lim TH, Lee JH, Kim YH, et al (1993) Occlusive and reperfused myocardial infarction: detection by using MR imaging with gadolinium polylysine enhancement. Radiology 189:765–772
Lorenz CH, Johansson LOM (1999) Contrast-enhanced coronary MRA. J Magn Reson Imaging 10:703–708
Lund G, Higgins CB, Wendland MF, et al (2001) Effect of nicorandil on ischemically injured myocardium assessed by contrast enhanced and functional magnetic resonance imaging. Radiology 221:676–682
Maki JH, Chenevert TC, Prince MR (2000) Contrast-enhanced MR angiography. Applied Radiology, March Issue 5-20
Manke C, Nitz WR, Djavidani B, et al (2001) MR imaging-guided stent placement in iliac arterial stenoses: a feasibility study. Radiology. 219:527–34
Martin A, Weber O, Saeed M, et al (2003) Steady state imaging for visualization of endovascular interventions. Magn Reson Med 50:434–438
Matsumoto AH, Teitelbaum GP, Carvlin MJ, et al (1990) Gadolinium enhanced MR imaging of vascular stents. J Comput Assist Tomogr 14: 357–361
McNamara MT, Higgins CB (1984) Magnetic resonance imaging of chronic myocardial infarcts in man. Am J Roentgenol 143:1135–1141
Meaney JF, Weg JG, Chenevert TL, et al (1997) Diagnosis of pulmonary embolism with magnetic resonance angiography. New Engl J Med 336:1422–1427
Meaney JFM (1998) MR angiography of the peripheral arteries. In: Ferris EJm Waltman AC, Fishman EK, Polak JF, Potchen EJ (eds) Categorical Course in Diagnostic Radiology. Vascular Imaging RSNA Syllabus, pp 201
Ni Y, Pislaru C, Bosmans H, et al (2001) Intracoronary delivery of Gd-DTPA and Gadophrin-2 for determination of myocardial viability with MR imaging. Eur Radiol 11:876–883
Nitatori T, Yoshino H, Yokoyama K, et al (1999) Coronary MR angiography — A clinical experience in Japan. J Magn Reson Imaging 10:709
Oshiniski JN, Yang Z, Jones JR, et al (2001) Imaging time after Gd-DTPA injection is critical in using delayed enhancement to determine infarct size accurately with magnetic resonance imaging. Circulation 104:2838–2842
Potchen JE, Haake EM, Siebert JE (eds) (1993) Magnetic resonance angiography: concepts and application. Mosby, St. Louis, (General reading)
Prince MR, Grist TM, Debartin JF (eds) (1997) 3D contrast MR angiography. Springer Berlin, pp 16, 17, 26
Prince MR (1998) Contrast-enhanced MR angiography theory and optimization. Magn Reson Imaging N Am 6:257–267
Prince MR (1994) Gadolinium-enhanced MR aortograpyhy. Radiology 191:155–164
Quinn SF, Shelet RC, Semonsen KG, et al (1998) Aortic and lower-extremity arterial disease: evaluation with MR angiography versus conventional angiography. Radiology 206:693–701
Roberts HC, Saeed M, Roberts TPL, et al (1999) MRI of acute myocardial ischemia: comparing a new contrast agent, Gd-DTPA-24-cascade-polymer, with Gd-DTPA. J Magn Reson Imaging 9:204–209
Rochitte CE, Lima JA, Bluemke DA, et al (1998) Magnitude and time course of microvascular obstruction and tissue injury after acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 98:1006–1014
Rogers WJ, Kramer CM, Geskin G, et al (1999) Early contrast-enhanced MRI predicts late functional recovery after reperfused myocardial infarction. Circulation 99:744–750
Saeed M, Bremerich J, Wendland MF, et al (1999) Reperfused myocardial infarction as seen with use of necrosis-specific versus standard extracellular MR contrast media in rats. Radiology 213:247–257
Saeed M, Lee R, Martin A et al (2003) Transendocardial delivery of extracellular markers using a combination of x-ray and MR fluoroscopy (XMR)-guidance: A feasibility study in dogs. Radiology (in press)
Saeed M, Lund G, Wendland MF, et al (2001) Magnetic resonance characterization of the peri-infarction zone of reperfused myocardial infarction with necrosis-specific and extracellular nonspecific contrast media. Circulation 103: 871–876
Saeed M, Watzinger N, Krombach GA, et al (2002) Left ventricular remodeling after infarction: sequential MR imaging with oral nicorandil therapy in rat model. Radiology 224:830–837
Saeed M, Wendland MF, Engelbrecht M, et al (1998) Value of blood pool contrast agents in magnetic resonance angiography of the pelvis and lower extremities. Eur Radiol 8:1047–1053
Saeed M, Wendland MF, Lauerma K, et al (1995) Detection of myocardial ischemia using first pass contrast-enhanced inversion recovery and driven equilibrium fast GRE imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging 5:515–523
Saeed M, Wendland MF, Masui T, et al (1991) Myocardial infarction: assessment with an intravascular MR contrast medium. Radiology 180:153–160
Saeed M, Wendland MF, Masui T, et al (1994) Myocardial infarctions on Tl-and susceptibility-enhanced MRI: evidence for loss of compartmentalization of contrast media. Magn Reson Med 31:31–39
Saeed M, Wendland MF, Szolar D, et al (1996) Quantification of the extent of area at risk with fast contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in experimental coronary artery stenosis. Am Heart J 132:921–932
Saeed M, Wendland MF, Watzinger N, et al (2000) MR contrast media for myocardial viability, microvascular integrity and perfusion. Eur J Radiol 34:179
Saeed M, Wendland MF, Yu KK, et al (1994) Identification of myocardial reperfusion with echo planar magnetic resonance imaging: discrimination between occlusive and reperfused infarctions. Circulation 90:1492–1501
Sakuma H, O, Sullivon M, Lukas J, et al (1994) Effect of magnetic susceptibility contrast medium on myocardial signal intensity with fast gradient-recalled echo and spin-echo MR imaging. Initial experience in humans. Radiology 190: 161–166
Sakuma H, Wendland MF, Saeed M, et al (1995) Multislice measurement of first pass transit of Gd-BOPTA/Dimeg in normal and ischemic myocardium in dogs. Acad Radiol 2:864–870
Sandestede JJW, Lipke C, Baer M, et al (2000) Analysis of first-pass and delayed contrast-enhancement patterns of dysfunctional myocardium on MR imaging: use in the prediction of myocardial viability. Am J Roentgenol 174: 1737–1740
Schaefer S, van Tyen R, Saloner D (1992) Evaluation of myocardial perfusion abnormalities with gadolinium-enhanced snapshot MR imaging in humans. Radiology 185:795–801
Schalla S, Wendkland MF, Higgins CB, et al (2003) Accentuation of high susceptibility of hypertrophied myocardium to ischemia using cardiac function and gadophrin-enhanced MRI. Magn Reson Med (in press)
Schwitter J, Nanz D, Kneifel S, et al (2001) Assessment of myocardial perfusion in coronary artery disease by magnetic resonance: a comparison with positron emission tomography and coronary artery angiography. Circulation 103: 2230–2235
Schwitter J, Saeed M, Wendland MF, et al (1999) Assessment of myocardial function and perfusion in a canine model of non-occlusive coronary artery stenosis using fast magnetic resonance imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging 9:101–110
Schwitter J, Saeed M, Wendland MF, et al (1997) Influence of the severity of myocardial injury on the distribution of macromolecules: extra versus intra-vascular gadolinium-based MR contrast agents. J Am Coll Cardiol 30:1086–1094
Shetty AN, Bis KG, Vrachliotis TG, et al (1998) Contrast-enhanced 3D MRA with centric ordering in K space: a preliminary clinical experience in imaging the abdominal aorta and renal and peripheral arterial vasculature. J Magn Reson Imaging 8:603–615
Steiner P, McKinnon GC, Romanowski B, et al (1997) Contrast-enhanced, ultrafast 3D pulmonary MR angiography in a single breath hold: initial assessment of imaging performance. J Magn Reson Imaging 7:177–182
Stillman AE, Wilke N, Li D, et al (1996) Ultrasmall super paramagnetic iron oxide to enhance MRA of the renal and coronary arteries: studies in human patients. J Comput Assist Tomogr 20:51–55
Sueyoshi E, Sakamoto I, Matsuoka Y, et al (2000) Symptomatic peripheral vascular tree stenosis. Comparison of subtracted and nonsubtracted 3D contrast-enhanced MR angiography with fat suppression. Acta Radiol 41:133–138
Szolar DH, Saeed M, Wendland MF, et al (1996) MR imaging characterization of postischemic myocardial dysfunction (“stunned myocardium”): relationship between functional and perfusion abnormalities. J Magn Reson Imaging 6:615–624
Taylor AM, Panting JR, Keegan J, et al (1999) Safety and preliminary findings with the intravascular contrast agent NCI00150 Injection for MR coronary angiography. J Magn Reson Imaging 9:220–227
van Dijkman PR, van der Wall EE, de Roos A, et al (1991) Acute, subacute, and chronic myocardial infarction: quantitative analysis of gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging. Radiology 180:147–151
van Rossum AB, Pattynama PM, Ton ER, et al (1996) Pulmonary embolism: validation of spiral CT angiography in 149 patients. Radiology 201:467–470
van Rossum AC, Visser FC, Van Eenige MJ, et al (1990) Value of gadolinium-deithylene-triamine pentaacetic acid dynamics in magnetic resonance imaging of acute myocardial infarction with occluded and reperfused coronary arteries after thrombolysis. Am J Cardiol 65:845–851
Watzinger N, Lund G, Higgins CB, et al (2002) A The potential of contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging for predicting left ventricular remodeling. J Magn Reson Imaging
Wedeking P, Sotak CH, Telser J, et al (1992) Quantitative dependence of MR signal intensity on tissue concentration of Gd(HP-D03A) in the nephrectomized rat. Magn Reson Imaging 10:97–108
Wendland MF, Saeed M, Lund G, et al (1999) Contrast-enhanced MRI for qualification of myocardial viability. J Magn Reson Imaging 10:694–702
Wendland MF, Saeed M, Masui T, Derugin N, Higgins CB (1993) First pass of an MR susceptibility contrast agent through normal and ischemic heart: gradient-recalled echo-planar imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging 3:755–760
Wilke N, Jerosch-Herold M, Zenovich A, et al (1999) Magnetic resonance first-pass myocardial perfusion: clinical validation and future applications. J Magn Reson Imaging 10:676–685
Wilke N, Jerosch-Herold M (1997) MR first pass imaging: quantitative assessment of transmural perfusion and collateral flow. Int J Cardiac Imaging 13:205–218
Wilke N, Kroll K, Merkle H, et al (1995) Regional myocardial blood volume estimated with MR first pass imaging and polylysine-GdDTPA in the dog. J Magn Reson Imaging 5:227–237
Wilke N, Machnig T, Engels G, et al (1990) Dynamic perfusion studies by ultrafast MRI: initial clinical results from cardiology. Electromedica 58:102–108
Wilke N, Simm C, Zhang J, et al (1993) Contrast-enhanced first pass myocardial perfusion imaging: correlation between myocardial blood flow in dogs at rest and during hyperemia. Magn Reson Med 29:485–497
Wilman A, Reider S, King B, et al (1997) Fluoroscopically triggered contrast-enhanced three dimensional MR angiography with elliptical ventric view order: application to the renal arteries. Radiology 205:137–146
Wolff SD (2002) Results of diagnostic trials of magnetic resonance angiography with MS-325, a blood pool contrast agent, for detection of peripheral vascular disease in the aortoiliac region. Am J Cardiol (131H) [Abstract]
Woodrad PK, Li D, Zheng J, et al (1999) Current developments and future direction of coronary magnetic resonance angiography. Coronary Artery Dis 10:135–140
Wu E, Judd RM, Vargas JD, et al (2001) Visualization of presence, location, and transmural extent of healed Q-wave and non-Q-wave myocardial infarction. Lancet 357:21–28
Wu KC, Kim RJ, Bluemke DA, et al (1998) Quantification and time course of microvascular obstruction by contrast-enhanced echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging following acute myocardial infarction and reperfusion. J Am Coll Cardiol 32:1756–1764
Wyttenbach R, Saeed M, Wendland MF, et al (1999) Detection of acute myocardial ischemia using first-pass dynamic of MN-DPDP on inversion recovery echo planar imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging 9:209–241
Yamashita Y, Mitsuzaki K, Ogata I, et al (1998) Three-dimensional high-resolution dynamic contrast-enhanced MR angiography of the pelvis and lower extremities with use of a phased array coil and subtraction: diagnosis accuracy. J Magn Reson Imaging 8:1066–1072
Yang X, Atalar E, Li D, et al (2001) Magnetic resonance imaging permits in vivo monitoring of catheter-based vascular gene delivery. Circulation 104:1588–1590
Yu KK, Saeed M, Wendland MF, et al (1993) Comparison of Tl-enhancing and magnetic susceptibility magnetic resonance contrast agents for demarcation of the jeopardy area in experimental myocardial infarction. Invest Radiol 28:1015–1023
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2004 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Saeed, M. (2004). Applications of contrast agents in cardiac MRI — pitfalls and new development. In: Nagel, E., van Rossum, A.C., Fleck, E. (eds) Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. Steinkopff, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7985-1932-9_27
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7985-1932-9_27
Publisher Name: Steinkopff, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-62152-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-7985-1932-9
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive