Abstract
The term defective interfering (DI) virus particles was used by Huang and Baltimore [31] to define a class of virus particles which possess the following properties: (a) They are defective, unable to replicate independently; (b) They require the helper function of standard virus for replication; (c) They interfere with the replication of standard virus; (d) They are usually deletion mutants, i.e., the genome of DI particles does not represent the entire genome of standard virions. Although all of the DI genomes studied to date are shorter than the standard viral genome and are deletion mutants, it is possible some DI genome may contain an altered nucleic acid sequence(s) rather than a deletion(s) and become defective as well as interfering. DI particles were first observed by von Magnus [64,65] when he passaged influenza virus serially undiluted in embryonated chicken eggs. He called these particles “incomplete” particles which were both defective and interfering. Subsequently, DI particles have been reported for nearly all animal viruses during high multiphcity passages (for a detailed review see reference no. [32]).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Ada, G. L., Perry, B. T.: Infectivity and nucleic acid content of influenza virus. Nature (Lond.) 175, 209–210 (1955).
Ada, G. L., Perry, B. T.: Influenza virus nucleic acid relationship between biological characteristics of the vims particle and properties of the nucleic acid. J. Gen. Microbiol. 14, 623 (1956).
Adman, R., Grossman, L.: Template properties of polyribonucleotides containing uracil or modified uracil in the RNA polymerase reaction. J. Mol. Biol. 23, 417–439 (1967).
Amesse, L. S., Pridgen, C.L., Kingsbury, D. W.: Sendai virus DI RNA species with conserved virus genome termini and extensive internal deletions. Virology 118, 17–27 (1982).
Bean, W.J., Simpson, R.W.: Transcription activity and genome conposition of defective influenza vims. J. Virol. 18, 365–369 (1976).
Bennink, J. R., Yewdell, J. W., Gerhard, W.: A viral polymerase involved in recognition of influenza vims-infected cells by a cytotoxic T-cell clone. Nature 296, 75–76 (1982).
Bishop, D. H. L., Huddleston, J. A., Brownlee, G. G.: The complete sequence of RNA segments of influenza A/NT/60/68 and its encoded PI protein. Nucleic Acids Res. 10,1335–1343 (1982).
Bishop, D. H. L., Jones, K. L., Huddleston, J. A., Brownlee, G. G.: Influenza A vims evolution: Complete sequences of influenza A/NT/60/68 RNA segment 3 and its predicted acidic P polypeptide compared with those of influenza A/PR/8/34. Virology 120, 481–489 (1982).
Brown, W. E., Stump, K. H., Kelley, W. S.: Escherichia coh DNA polymerase 1 sequence characterization and secondary stmcture prediction. J. Biol. Chem. 257, 1965–1972 (1982).
Camerini-Otero, R.D., Sollner-Webb, B., Felsenfeld, G.: The stmcture of the nucleosome: Evidence for an arginine rich histone kernel. In: Nucleic Acid-Protein Recognition (Vogel, H.J., ed.), 151–158. New York: Academic Press 1977.
Carter, C. W., Kraut, J.: A proposed model for interaction of polypeptides with RNA. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 71, 283–287 (1974).
Carter, M.J., Mahy, B. W.J.: Incomplete avian influenza vims contains a defective noninterfer- ing component. Arch. Virol. 71, 12–25 (1982).
Carter, M.J., Mahy, B. W.J.: Synthesis of RNA segments 1–3 during generation of incomplete influenza A (Fowl plague) vims. Arch. Virol. 73, 109–119 (1982).
Carter, M.J., Mahy, B.W.J.: Incomplete avian influenza A vims displays anomalous interference. Arch. Virol. 74, 71–76 (1982).
Chamberlin, M., Berg, P.: Mechanism of RNA polymerase action. Characterization of DNA- dependent synthesis of polyadenylic acid. J. Mol. Biol. 8, 708–726 (1964).
Champness, J. N., Bloomer, A. C., Bricogne, G., Butler, P.J. G., Klug, A.: The stmcture of the protein disk of tobacco mosaic vims to 5 Â resolution. Nature 259, 20–24 (1976).
Chanda, P. K., Chambers, T. M., Nayak, D. P.: In vitro transcription of defective interfering particles of influenza virus produces poly(A)-containing complementary RNAs. J. Virol. 45, 55–61 (1983).
Choppin, P. W., Pons, M. W.: The RNAs of infective and incomplete influenza virions grown in MDBK and HeLa cells. Virology 42, 603 (1970).
Chou, P. Y., Adler, A. J., Pasman, G. D.: Conformational prediction and circular dichroism studies on the lac repressor. J. Mol. Biol. 96, 29–45 (1975).
Chou, P. Y., Pasman, G. D.: Empirical predictions of protein conformation. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 47, 251–276 (1978).
Cmmpton, W. M., Dimmock, N. J., Minor, P. D., Avery, R. J.: The RNAs of defective-interfering influenza virus. Virology 90, 370–373 (1978).
Cmmpton, W. M., Clewley, J. P., Dimmock, N. J., Avery, R. J.: Origin of subgenomic RNAs in defective-interfering influenza virus. PEMS Microbiol. Lett. 6, 431–434 (1979).
Cmmpton, W. M., Avery, R. J., Dimmock, N. J.: Influence of the host cell on the genomic and subgenomic RNA content of defective-interfering influenza vims. J. Gen. Virol. 53,173–177 (1981).
Davis, A. R., Nayak, D. P.: Sequence relationships among defective interfering influenza viral RNAs. Proc. Nati. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 76, 3092–3096 (1979).
Davis, A. R., Hiti, A. L., Nayak, D. P.: Influenza defective interfering viral RNA is formed by internal deletion of genomic RNA. Proc. Nafl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 77, 215–219 (1980).
Dayhoff, M. O.: Atlas of Protein Sequence and Stmcture, Vol. 5, Suppl. 3. National Biomedical Research Foundation, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, U.S.A., 363–373 (1978).
De, B. K., Nayak, D. P.: Defective interfering influenza vimses and host cells: Establishment and maintenance of persistent influenza virus infection in MDBK and HeLa cells. J. Virol. 36, 847–859 (1980).
Fields, S., Winter, G.: Nucleotide sequence heterogeneity and sequence rearrangements in influenza virus cDNA. Gene 15, 207–214 (1981).
Fields, S., Winter, G.: Nucleotide sequences of influenza virus segments 1 and 3 reveal mosaic stmctures of a small viral RNA segment. Cell 28, 303–313 (1982).
Fiers, W., Contreras, R., Duerinck, P., Haigeman, G., Iserentant, D., Merregaert, J., Minjou, W, Molemans, P., Raeymaekers, A., van den Berghe, A., Volckaert, G., Ysebaert, M.: Complete nucleotide sequence of bacterophage MS2 RNA: primary and secondary stmcture of the replicase gene. Nature 260, 500–507 (1976).
Garoff, H., Frischauf, A.M., Simons, K., Lehrach, H., Delius, H.: The capsid protein of Semliki forest vims has clusters of basic amino acids and prolines in its amino terminal region. Proc. Nafl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 77, 6376–6380 (1980).
Hiti, A. L., Davis, A. R., Nayak, D. P.: Complete sequence analysis shows that the hemagglutinins of the HO and H2 subtypes of human influenza vims are closely related. Virology iii, 113–124 (1981).
Hiti, A. L., Nayak, D. P.: Complete nucleotide sequence of the neuraminidase gene of human influenza vims A/WSN/33. J. Virol. 41, 730–734 (1982).
Holland, J. J., Kennedy, S. I. T, Semler, B. L, Jones, C. L., Roux, L., Grabau, E. A.: Defective interfering RNA vimses and the host cell response. In: Comprehensive Virology, Vol. 16 (Fraenkel-Conrat, H., Wagner, R. R., eds.), 137–192. New York: Plenum Press 1980.
Huang, A. S., Baltimore, D.: Defective viral particles and viral disease processes. Nature (Lond.) 226, 325 (1970).
Huang, A. S., Baltimore, D.: Defective interfering animal vimses. In: Comprehensive Virology, Vol. 10 (Frankel-Conrat, H., Wagner, R. R., eds.), 73–116. New York: Plenum 1977.
Irwin, M. J., Nyborg, J., Reid, B. R., Blow, D. M.: The crystal stmcture of tyrosyl-transfer RNA synthetase at 2.7 A resolution. J. Mol. Biol. 105, 577–586 (1976).
Janda, J. M., Nayak, D. P.: Defective influenza viral ribonucleoproteins cause interference. J. Virol. 32, 697–702 (1979).
Janda, J. M., Davis, A. R., Nayak, D. P., De, B. K: Diversity and generation of defective interfering influenza virus particles. Virology 95, 48–58 (1979).
D. P. Nayak and N. Sivasubramanian Kaptein, J., Nayak, D.P.: Complete nucleotide sequence of the polymerase 3 (P3) gene of human influenza vims A/WSN/33. J. Virol. 42, 55–63 (1982).
Kavern, N., Kolomietz, L., Rudneva, I.: Incomplete influenza vims. Partial functional complementation as revealed by hemadsorbing cell count test. J. Virol. 34, 506–511 (1980).
Keene, J. D., Chien, I. M., Lazzarini, R. A.: Vesicular Stomatitis defective interfering particle contained a muted, internal leader RNA gene. Proc. Nad. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 18, 2090–2094 (1981).
King, A. M. Q, McCahon, D., Slade, W. R., Newman, J. W. L: Recombination in RNA. Cell 29, 921–928 (1982).
Kitamura, N., Semer, B.L., Rothberg, P.O., Larsen, G.R., Adler, C.J., Dorner, A.J., Emini, E. A., Hanecak, R., Lee, J. I., Van der Werf, S., Anderson, C. W.,’Wimmer, E.: Primary Stmcture, gene organization and polypeptide expression of polio-vims RNA. Nature 291,547–553 (1981).
Lamb, R. A., Ching-Juh, Lai: Sequence of intermpted and unintermpted mRNAs and cloned DNA coding for the two overlapping nonstmctural proteins of Influenza Vims. Cell 21, 475–485 (1980).
Lazzarini, R. A., Keene, J. D., Schubert, M.: The origins of Defective Interfering Particles of the negative strand RNA vimses. Cell 26, 145–154 (1981).
Lehtovaara, P., Soderlund, H., Keranen, S., Petterson, R. F., Kaarianen, L.: 18 S defective interfering RNA of Semliki forest vims contains a triplicated linear repeat. Proc. Nad. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 78, 5353–5357 (1981).
Lenard, J., Compans, R. W.: Polypeptide composition of incomplete influenza vims grown in MDBK cells. Virology 65, 418–426 (1975).
Moss, B. A., Brownlee, G. G.: Sequence of DNA complementary to a small RNA segment of Influenza vims A/NT/60/68. Nucleic Acids Res. 9, 1941–1947 (1981).
Nakajima, K., Ueda, M., Sugiura, A.: Origin of small RNA in von Magnus particles of influenza vims. J. Virol. 29, 1142–1148 (1979).
Nayak, D. P., Baluda, M. A.: Isolation and partial characterization of nucleic acid of influenza vims. J. Virol. 1 (6), 1217–1223 (1967).
Nayak, D.P.: Influenza vimses: stmcture, replication and defectiveness. Fed. Proc. 28, 1858–1865 (1969).
Nayak, D. P.: Defective vims RNA synthesis and production of incomplete influenza vims in chick embryo cells. J. Gen. Virol. 14, 63 (1972).
Nayak, D. P.: Defective interfering influenza vimses. Ann. Rev. Microbiol. 34, 619–644 (1980).
Nayak, D.P., Tobita, K., Janda, J.M., Davis, A.R., De, B.K.: Homologous interference mediated by defective interfering influenza vims derived from a temperature-sensitive mutant of influenza vims.J. ViroL 28, 375–386 (1978).
Nayak, D.P., Davis, A. R., Cortini, R.: Defective interfering influenza vimses: Complete sequence analysis of a DI RNA. In: Genetic Variation Among Influenza Vimses (Nayak, D. P., ed.), 77–92. New York: Academic Press 1982.
Nayak, D.P., Sivasubramanian, N., Davis, A. R., Cortini, R., Sung, J.: Complete sequence analyses show that two defective interfering influenza viral RNAs contain a single internal deletion ofa polymerase gene. Proc. Nad. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 79, 2216–2220 (1982).
Pasek, M., Goto, T., Gilbert, W., Zink, B., Schaller, H., Mackay, P., Leadbetter, G., Murray, K.: Hepatitis B vims genome and their expression in Escherichia coli. Nature (Lond.) 282, 575–579 (1979).
Perrault, J.: Origin and replication of Defective Interfering Particles. Curr. Topics in Microbiology and Immunology 93, 152–207 (1981).
Perrault, J., Semler, B.L., Leavitt, R.W., Holland, J.J.: Inverted complementary terminal sequences in defective interfering particle RNAs of vesicular somatitis vims and their possible role in autointerference. In: Negative Strand Vimses and the Host Cell (Mahy, B. W.J., Barry, R.D., eds.), 527–538. New York: Academic Press 1978.
Plotch, S. J., Kmg, R. M.: Influenza vims transcriptase: Synthesis in vitro, of large polyadenylic acid containing complementary RNA. J. Virol. 21, 24–34 (1977).
Plotch, S.J., Bouloy, M. Kmg, R.M.: Transfer of 5’ terminal cap of globin mRNA during transcription in vitro. Proc. Nad. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 76, 1618–1622 (1979)
Schiffer, M., Edmundson, A. B.: Use of helical wheels to represent the stmctures of proteins and to identify segments with hehcal potential. Biophys. J. 7,121–135 (1967).
Schnitzlein, W. M., Reichmann, M. E.: The size and the cistronic origin of defective vesicular stomatitis vims particle RNAs in relation to homotypic and heterotypic interference. J. Mol. Biol. 101, 307–325 (1976).
Sharp, P. A.: Speculations on RNA splicing. Cell 23, 643–646 (1981).
Sivasuhramanian, N., Nayak, D. P.: Sequence analysis of the polymerase 1 gene and the secondary stmcture prediction of polymerase 1 protein of human influenza vims A/WSN/33. J. Virol. 44, 321–329 (1982).
Sivasuhramanian, N., Nayak, D. P.: Defective interfering influenza RNAs of polymerase 3 gene contain single as well as multiple internal deletions. Virology 124, 232–237 (1983).
Soeda, E., Arrand, J. R., Grififm, B. E.: Polyoma vims DNA: Complete nucleotide sequence of the gene which codes for polyoma vims capsid protein VPl and overlaps the VP2-VP3 genes. J. Virol. 33, 619–630 (1980).
Ueda, M., Nakajima, K., Sugiura, A.: Extra RNAs of von Magnus particles of influenza vims cause reduction of particular polymerase genes. J. Virol. 34, 1–8 (1980).
Van Rompuy, L., Minjou, W, Huylebroeck, D., Devos, R., Fiers, W: Complete nucleotide sequence of the nucleoprotein gene from the human influenza strain /V/PR/8/34 (HON 1). Eur. J. Biochem. 116, 347–353 (1981).
Von Heuverswyn, H., Van de Voorde, A., Fiers, W: Nucleotide sequence of the Simian vims 40 Hind II & III restriction fragment J and the total amino acid sequence of the major stmctural protein VPl. Eur. J. Biochem. 91, 415–430 (1978).
Von Magnus, P.: Studies on interference in experimental influenza. I. Biological observations. Mineral. Geol. 24 (7), 1 (1947).
Von Magnus, P.: Propagation of the PR-8 strain of influenza A vims in chick embryos. III. Properties of the incomplete vims produced in serial passages of undiluted vims. Acta. Pathol. Microbiol. Scand. 29, 157 (1951).
Von Magnus, P.: Incomplete forms of influenza vims. Adv. Vims Res. 2, 59–68 (1954).
Winter, G., Fields, S.: Cloning of influenza cDNA into M13: The sequence of the RNAsegment encoding the A/PR/8/34 matrix protein. Nucleic Acids Res. 8, 1965–1974 (1980).
Winter, G., Fields, S.: The stmcture of the gene encoding the nucleoprotein of human influenza vims A/PR/8/34. Virology 114, 423–428 (1981).
Winter, G., Fields, S.: Nucleotide sequence of human influenza A/PR/8/34 segment 2. Nucleic Acids Res. 10, 2135–2143 (1982).
Winter, G., Fields, S., Ratti, G.: The stmcture of the two subgenomic RNAs from human influenza vims A/PR/8/34. Nucleic Acid Res. 9, 6907–6915 (1981).
Eisenberg, D., Weiss, R. M., Terwilliger, T. C.: The helical hydrophobic moment: a measure of the amphiphihcity of a helix. Nature 299, 371–374 (1982).
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1983 Springer-Verlag/Wien
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Nayak, D.P., Sivasubramanian, N. (1983). The Structure of Influenza Virus Defective Interfering (DI) RNAs and Their Progenitor Genes. In: Palese, P., Kingsbury, D.W. (eds) Genetics of Influenza Viruses. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-8706-7_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-8706-7_8
Publisher Name: Springer, Vienna
Print ISBN: 978-3-7091-8708-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-7091-8706-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive