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Rhizobium–Legume Symbiosis: A Model System for the Recovery of Metal-Contaminated Agricultural Land

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Toxicity of Heavy Metals to Legumes and Bioremediation

Abstract

Legumes are considered the appropriate crops for raising the productivity and recovery of marginal lands through symbiosis with nodule-forming bacteria collectively called rhizobia. Cultivated fields around the world including India are often irrigated by metal-contaminated groundwater and surface water. This practice poses a significant risk to both agroecosystems and human health via food chain. Therefore, metal removal from contaminated soils is urgently required. In this context, conventional technologies for metal removal have been employed, but they are expensive and disruptive. The use of biological materials including both plants (phytoremediation) and microbial communities in the remediation of polluted environments, on the contrary, has been found environment friendly and inexpensive. Leguminous plants have been found important in this regard due to their bioremediation potential and ability to provide essential nutrient nitrogen to plants in nitrogen deficient soils through symbiosis with rhizobia. The role of Rhizobium–legume symbiotic association in alleviating metal toxicity is reviewed and highlighted.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Central Research Facility, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721 302, India

    Santi M. Mandal

  2. Department of Botany, Presidency College, Kolkata, 700 073, West Bengal, India

    Rabindranath Bhattacharyya

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  1. Fac. Agricultural Sciences, Dept. Agricultural Microbiology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India

    Almas Zaidi

  2. , Department of Biological Sciences, Crescent University, College of Natural, Abeokuta, Ogun, Nigeria

    Parvaze Ahmad Wani

  3. Fac. Agricultural Sciences, Dept. Agricultural Microbiology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India

    Mohammad Saghir Khan

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Mandal, S.M., Bhattacharyya, R. (2012). Rhizobium–Legume Symbiosis: A Model System for the Recovery of Metal-Contaminated Agricultural Land. In: Zaidi, A., Wani, P., Khan, M. (eds) Toxicity of Heavy Metals to Legumes and Bioremediation. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-0730-0_7

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