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Perioperatives Management bei älteren Patienten in der Neurochirurgie, Scores und Begleiterkrankungen

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Neurochirurgie bei älteren Patienten

Zusammenfassung

Die perioperative Betreuung älterer Patienten stellt eine interdisziplinäre Herausforderung dar. Es erfordert nicht nur eine enge Absprache zwischen den neurochirurgischen, anästhesiologischen und bei Bedarf auch intensivmedizinischen Kollegen, sondern auch eine detaillierte Kommunikation mit den behandelnden Pflegekräften und Physiotherapeuten. Ausgewählte Patienten, die im Rahmen von gezielten Screeninguntersuchungen (z. B. Frailty Scoring) als Risikopatienten identifiziert wurden, können ggf. von einem geriatrischen Assessment profitieren und sollten, wenn möglich, präoperativ einem Geriater vorgestellt werden. Ältere Patienten weisen häufig ein erhöhtes perioperatives Risikoprofil auf, welches ein besonnenes Management erfordert. Eine Ursache stellt die große Heterogenität des präoperativen Zustands dar, welche regelhaft von guter kardiopulmonaler Belastbarkeit im hoch betagten Alter bis hin zu schweren Grunderkrankungen bei verhältnismäßig jüngeren Patienten reicht. Der individuellen Risikostratifizierung zur Planung des Eingriffs kommt daher eine besondere Bedeutung zu. Insbesondere neurochirurgische Patienten profitieren von einem risikoadaptierten Vorgehen, da auf Grund der großen Bandbreite an neurochirurgischen Eingriffen ein Großteil der gängigen Anästhesieverfahren angeboten werden kann. Insofern dient dieses Kapitel der Übersicht von anästhesierelevanten altersbedingten Veränderungen, der präoperativen Evaluation sowie dem anästhesiologischen Management dieses speziellen Patientenkollektivs.

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Correspondence to Michael Sander .

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Sander, M., Schneck, E., Veit, M. (2021). Perioperatives Management bei älteren Patienten in der Neurochirurgie, Scores und Begleiterkrankungen. In: Uhl, E., Schöller, K. (eds) Neurochirurgie bei älteren Patienten. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-60354-3_6

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