Zusammenfassung
In diesem Kapitel wird weiter auf die Schnittstelle zwischen Kognition und Emotion und Emotion eingegangen, mit dem Fokus auf kognitiver Kontrolle und Langzeitgedächtnis-(LZG-)Prozessen. Wie beeinflussen Kognition und Emotion bzw. Emotionsregulation (ER) sich gegenseitig? Welche Bedeutung hat kognitive Kontrolle für die ER? Wie hängen verstärktes Grübeln, depressive Symptome und LZG-Prozesse zusammen? Obwohl es sich hier um ein relativ junges Forschungsfeld handelt, gibt es erste interessante Hinweise dafür, dass kognitive Prozesse und ER miteinander assoziiert sind. Im ersten Teil (8.1) werden Ergebnisse vorgestellt, welche den Zusammenhang zwischen ER und den drei Komponenten Updating (Arbeitsgedächtnisaktualisierung), Inhibition und Shifting der kognitiven Kontrolle beleuchten. Im zweiten Teil (8.2) werden Studien diskutiert, welche sich mit dem Zusammenhang zwischen emotionalen bzw. emotionsregulatorischen und LZG-Prozessen beschäftigen. Da dysfunktionale ER, beeinträchtigte kognitive Kontrolle bzw. veränderte Gedächtnisinhalte und -leistungen zentral für viele psychische Störungen sind, ist die weitere Erforschung dieser Zusammenhänge grundlegend für unser Verständnis von Psychopathologie.
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Notes
- 1.
Versuchspersonen sahen hier zeitgleich fünf Pfeile und gaben die Richtung des mittleren Pfeils an. Bei kongruenten Durchgängen zeigte der mittlere Pfeil in die gleiche Richtung wie die anderen Pfeile (→→→→), bei den inkongruenten Durchgängen zeigte der mittlere Pfeil in eine andere Richtung als die anderen Pfeile (→→←→→), sodass hier mehr kognitive Kontrolle nötig war als bei den kongruenten Durchgängen.
- 2.
Im Folgenden werden die Begriffe Gedächtnis/Gedächtnisprozesse synonym mit Langzeitgedächtnis/Langzeitgedächtnisprozessen verwendet.
- 3.
Dies zeigt sich im u. U. problematischen Waffenfokus-Effekt (weapon focus) bei Augenzeugen (LaBar und Cabeza 2006). Bei Gewaltverbrechen wird hier die Aufmerksamkeit auf die Waffe gelenkt (zentral), während Details – wie z. B. identifizierende Tätermerkmale – nicht beachtet und somit nicht gespeichert werden.
- 4.
Zum Beispiel werden als Assoziation mit dem Wort „glücklich“ allgemeine Erinnerungen („Zeit mit meiner Familie verbringen“) und nicht spezifische Ereignisse („meine Uni-Abschlussfeier“) abgerufen (Sumner 2012).
- 5.
Capture and rumination (CaR), functional avoidance (FA), and executive control dysfunction (X)
- 6.
Wiedererkennen (recognition) und Abruf (recall) sind zwei unterschiedliche Gedächtnisprozesse: Beispielsweise kann man eine Person wiedererkennen, ohne weitere Details abrufen zu können (wer sie ist, woher man sie kennt). Beide Gedächtnisprozesse basieren auf teilweise unterschiedlichen neuronalen Korrelaten (Yonelinas 2002).
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Schulze, K. (2020). Der Zusammenhang zwischen Emotionsregulation, kognitiver Kontrolle und Gedächtnisprozessen. In: Barnow, S. (eds) Handbuch Emotionsregulation. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-60280-5_8
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