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Silvicultural Options for Mixed-Species Stands

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Mixed-Species Forests

Abstract

Silvicultural approaches for mixed-species stands typically aim at creating and maintaining stand compositional and structural diversity to provide the desired ecosystem function. An important aim of regeneration and tending is to develop stable mixtures that facilitate the anticipated interactions among the participating tree species and at the same time require little silvicultural input to maintain the composition of compatible tree species. To ensure survival and vigorous growth of trees in mixture in the long term, it is often necessary to separate species in space and time during the regeneration phase. Weaker competitors can be given a head start through advance regeneration or may be regenerated in patches that protect the majority of individuals from interspecific competition. In managed forests, tree species in mixture may also have a service function. For example, nurse crops may be used to facilitate establishment of sensitive tree species and to accelerate ecosystem recovery following disturbances. Trainer species are typically used to improve the quality development of stems of economically important species. Whereas the regeneration of mixtures has received considerable attention in research, there is little specific information regarding the thinning of mixed-species stands, which are often treated like an agglomerate of monospecific stands of the companion species. In the absence of quantitative information on optimal tree spacing, stand density, or the growth response to thinning in mixtures, crop tree thinning approaches are recommended. These facilitate the maintenance of desired species proportions as well as stand stability and development of quality attributes in crop trees through simple indicators. Although it is often assumed that the development of stem quality in mixtures is inferior to that in monospecific stands, there is so far little solid evidence to support this assumption. Rather, it appears that stem quality depends on specific interactions between species and the structural heterogeneity of stands.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chair of Silviculture, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacherstr. 4, 79106, Freiburg, Germany

    Jürgen Bauhus, Patrick Pyttel & Adam Benneter

  2. Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland

    David I. Forrester

  3. Chair for Forest Growth and Yield Science, Faculty of Forest Science and Resource Management, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354, Freising, Germany

    Hans Pretzsch

  4. Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Institutionen för Sydsvensk Skogsvetenskap, Box 49, 23053, Alnarp, Sweden

    Adam Felton

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  1. Jürgen Bauhus
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  4. Adam Felton
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  5. Patrick Pyttel
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Correspondence to Jürgen Bauhus .

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  1. Faculty of Forest Science and Resource Management, Chair for Forest Growth and Yield Science, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany

    Hans Pretzsch

  2. Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland

    David I. Forrester

  3. Institute of Forest Sciences, Chair of Silviculture, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany

    Jürgen Bauhus

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Bauhus, J., Forrester, D.I., Pretzsch, H., Felton, A., Pyttel, P., Benneter, A. (2017). Silvicultural Options for Mixed-Species Stands. In: Pretzsch, H., Forrester, D., Bauhus, J. (eds) Mixed-Species Forests. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-54553-9_9

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