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Implizite und explizite Motive

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Motivation und Handeln

Part of the book series: Springer-Lehrbuch ((SLB))

Zusammenfassung

McClelland, Koestner und Weinberger (1989) haben vorgeschlagen, in der Analyse motivierten Verhaltens implizite und explizite Motive strikt auseinander zu halten. Nach einer Einführung in die Vorgeschichte dieser Idee werden Befunde vorgestellt, welche Belege für die Unabhängigkeit und Spezifität dieser beiden Arten von Motiven liefern. Es wird argumentiert, dass das Streben nach affektiver Befriedigung den Kern impliziter Motive bildet, während explizite Motive kognitive Bedürfnisse widerspiegeln, Informationen über eigene Fähigkeiten zu erhalten. Implizite und explizite Motive können in ein Verhältnis der Wechselwirkung eintreten. Es wird beschrieben, dass dies in der Form von Koalitionen geschehen, aber auch die Form von Konflikten annehmen kann, die aus motivationalen Diskrepanzen resultieren. Zudem wird erörtert, wie die Bildung selbst gewählter Ziele auf implizite Handlungspräferenzen abgestimmt werden kann. Abschließend werden offene Fragen dieses Forschungsgebiets diskutiert.

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  1. Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Fachbereich 06 Psychologie und Sportwissenschaft, Otto-Behaghel-Straße 10F, 35394, Gießen, Deutschland

    J. C. Brunstein

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  1. Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, USA

    Jutta Heckhausen

  2. (1926-1988), Bochum, München, Germany

    Heinz Heckhausen

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Brunstein, J.C. (2018). Implizite und explizite Motive. In: Heckhausen, J., Heckhausen, H. (eds) Motivation und Handeln. Springer-Lehrbuch. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53927-9_9

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