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Heimvorteil

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Zusammenfassung

Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die Forschung zum Heimvorteil, der in allen Mannschaftssportarten nachweisbar ist. Die Stärke des Heimvorteils variiert allerdings erheblich und hängt maßgeblich von der betrachteten Sportart, dem betreffenden Land und Liga, dem Zeitpunkt der Betrachtung (im Längsschnitt), (vermutlich) dem Geschlecht der Akteure und von der Leistungsstärke der beteiligten Mannschaften ab.

In diesem Kapitel werden die wichtigsten Gründe für den Heimvorteil und seine Variationen diskutiert. Trotz langjähriger Forschung sind diese Gründe allerdings noch nicht zufriedenstellend aufgeklärt. U. a. kann die weithin verbreitete Auffassung, dass Zuschauer und Schiedsrichter den Heimvorteil verursachen, bislang nicht überzeugend empirisch bestätigt werden und es wird diskutiert, dass vielmehr die sozial-kognitiven Prozesse intensiver untersucht werden sollten.

Dieser Beitrag ist Teil der Sektion Sportpsychologie, herausgegeben vom Teilherausgeber Dieter Hackfort, innerhalb des Handbuchs Sport und Sportwissenschaft, herausgegeben von Arne Güllich und Michael Krüger.

Aus Gründen der besseren Lesbarkeit sind bei Verwendung der zahlreich vorkommenden Begriffe wie „Zuschauer“, „Schiedsrichter“, „Athlet“, „Sportler“, „Akteur“ o.ä. (oder auch Zusammensetzungen von Begriffen) alle Geschlechter gemeint.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Es muss auf (Fußball-)Studien hingewiesen werden, die jeweils durchgängig einen Heimvorteil im Kontext von nicht-balancierten Wettkämpfen wie Pokalwettbewerben (Nevill und Holder 1999; Pollard 2006), Weltmeisterschaften (Fußball: Strauß und Carron 2010) und Kontinentalmeisterschaften (Fußball: Strauß und Welberg 2008) bzw. Fußball-Nationalmannschaften und deren Qualifikationswettbewerben (Pollard und Armatas 2017) und Freundschaftsspielen haben (Brown et al. 2002) sowie bspw. bei Einzelleistungen in Mannschaftswettbewerben wie Elfmeterschießen (Kocher et al. 2008).

  2. 2.

    Teile dieses und des vorausgehenden Abschnitts sind auch in Strauß und Staufenbiel (2019) zu finden.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Sportwissenschaft, Universität Münster, Münster, Deutschland

    Bernd Strauß

  2. La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australien

    Clare MacMahon

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  1. Bernd Strauß
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Correspondence to Bernd Strauß .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Fachgebiet Sportwissenschaft, TU Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Rheinland-Pfalz, Deutschland

    Arne Güllich

  2. Institut für Sportwissenschaft, Universität Münster, Münster, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Deutschland

    Michael Krüger

Section Editor information

  1. Universität Münster, Münster, Deutschland

    Michael Krüger

  2. Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken, Deutschland

    Eike Emrich

  3. Universität des Saarlandes, Saarbrücken, Deutschland

    Freya Gassmann

  4. Universität der Bundeswehr München, Neubiberg, Deutschland

    Dieter Hackfort

  5. Helmut-Schmidt-Universität/Universität der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Hamburg, Deutschland

    Christian Pierdzioch

  6. Institut für Sportwissenschaft, Universität der Bundeswehr München, Neubiberg, Deutschland

    Dieter Hackfort

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Strauß, B., MacMahon, C. (2021). Heimvorteil. In: Güllich, A., Krüger, M. (eds) Sport in Kultur und Gesellschaft. Springer Spektrum, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53407-6_53

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