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Molekulare Struktur und Regulation prokaryotischer Gene

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Genetik

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Zusammenfassung

Bakterien (und Archaeen) sind einzellige Organismen ohne Zellkern und unterscheiden sich dadurch grundsätzlich von den Eukaryoten; sie werden häufig gemeinsam als Prokaryoten bezeichnet und stellen die kleinste unabhängige Lebensform dar. Ihre doppelsträngige DNA ist im Allgemeinen ringförmig angeordnet und wird als »Bakterienchromosom« bezeichnet. Bakterielle Genome schwanken in ihrer Größe erheblich: Das kleinste Bakterienchromosom von Mycoplasma genitalium umfasst 580 kb; das bisher größte sequenzierte Chromosom von Bakterien, Bradyrhizobium japonicum, enthält 9,1 Mb. Neben dem Chromosom besitzt die Bakterienzelle meist noch extrachromosomale DNA in Form von Plasmiden, die in unterschiedlicher Kopienzahl in der Zelle vorliegen und auf denen häufig Gene lokalisiert sind, die der Zelle zusätzliche Fähigkeiten vermitteln (Abschn. 4.2).

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    Jochen Graw

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Graw, J. (2015). Molekulare Struktur und Regulation prokaryotischer Gene. In: Genetik. Springer Spektrum, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44817-5_4

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