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Durch Blut übertragbare Infektionskrankheiten

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Transfusionsmedizin

Zusammenfassung

Theoretisch sind alle Erreger, die irgendwann während der Infektion im Blut vorkommen, durch eine Bluttransfusion von einem Menschen auf einen anderen übertragbar. Der erste Infektionserreger, für den die Übertragbarkeit durch Blut erkannt wurde, war Treponema pallidum, der Erreger der Syphilis. Seit den 40er bis in die 80er Jahre stand die Übertragbarkeit von Hepatitiserregern im Mittelpunkt des klinischen und wissenschaftlichen Interesses. In den frühen 80er Jahren hat sich gezeigt, daß ein neu aufgetretenes Retrovirus, HIV, durch Blut und Plasmaprodukte übertragen werden kann. Die Erfahrungen mit diesem Erreger haben dazu geführt, daß man auch anderen Viren, die man wegen ihres extrem seltenen Vorkommens in unseren Breiten (z. B. HTLV-I/II) oder wegen ihrer geringeren klinischen Bedeutung zunächst nicht beachtet hatte (z. B. Parvovirus B19), nunmehr erhöhte Aufmerksamkeit schenkt. Überraschend aufgetretene HAV-Infektionen bei Empfängern eines bestimmten Faktor-VIII-Präparates zeigen, daß auch Erreger, die man transfusionsmedizinisch für nicht bedeutsam gehalten hat, Probleme bereiten können. Zudem werden immer wieder neue Erreger wie das GB-C-Virus bzw. das Hepatitis-G-Virus identifiziert, deren Bedeutung für die Transfusionsmedizin aber erst geklärt werden muß.

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Authors
  1. G. Caspari
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  2. W. H. Gerlich
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  3. P. Kühnl
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Klinische Immunologie und Transfusionsmedizin der Universität, Langhansstr. 7, D-35385, Gießen, Deutschland

    Christian Mueller-Eckhardt

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© 1996 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Caspari, G., Gerlich, W.H., Kühnl, P. (1996). Durch Blut übertragbare Infektionskrankheiten. In: Mueller-Eckhardt, C. (eds) Transfusionsmedizin. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-10599-3_35

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-10599-3_35

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-662-10600-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-10599-3

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