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Therapeutische Plasma- und Zytapherese

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Transfusionsmedizin

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Zusammenfassung

Die Zytapherese, Plasmapherese und andere mit dem Wortstamm Apherese zusammengesetzte Begriffe leiten sich aus dem griechischen »aph-heiréo«: »entziehen«, »wegnehmen«, ab und wurden 1914 von Abel et al. [1] geprägt. Die Begriffe bezeichnen Therapieformen, bei denen zelluläre und gelöste Bestandteile des Blutes entfernt werden, denen eine krankheitsverursachende Rolle zugeschrieben wird. Dabei werden die entfernten Bestandteile durch solche gesunder Spender ersetzt, wie die Begriffe Plasma- und Vollblutaustausch erklären, oder das Entfernte nicht substitutiert, was sich in den Begriffen Aderlaß, Depletion (aus griechisch »plethora«: »Überfluß«) und Zytoreduktion widerspiegelt. Konzept dieser Behandlungsverfahren ist seit prähistorischer Zeit die Vermutung, daß die Krankheitsursache in umschriebenen Körperbestandteilen konzentriert ist und deren Elimination (Schröpfen, Trepanation, Knochen- und Gewebsentnahme, Gabe von Purgativa) zu einer Besserung f¨¹hrt. Dies ist in allen Kulturen ein starker Hoffnungsträger der Medizin gewesen. Die Situation hat sich auch durch die Verwendung komplizierter Technologien, etwa durch den Einsatz von Durchflußzentrifugen für die Isolierung bestimmter Blutbestandteile in einer extrakorporalen Zirkulation (Zellseparatoren), nicht geändert.

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  1. J. Neppert
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  1. Institut für Klinische Immunologie und Transfusionsmedizin der Universität, Langhansstr. 7, D-35385, Gießen, Deutschland

    Christian Mueller-Eckhardt

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© 1996 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Neppert, J. (1996). Therapeutische Plasma- und Zytapherese. In: Mueller-Eckhardt, C. (eds) Transfusionsmedizin. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-10599-3_31

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-10599-3_31

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-662-10600-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-10599-3

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