Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Studies on Dynamic Changes of Organelles Using Tobacco BY-2 as the Model Plant Cell Line

  • Chapter
Tobacco BY-2 Cells

Part of the book series: Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry ((AGRICULTURE,volume 53))

Abstract

The tobacco BY-2 cell line was established from a callus induced on a seedling of Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Bright Yellow 2 (Kato et al. 1972). Because of its unique characteristics such as an exceptionally high growth rate and high homogeneity, the BY-2 cell line has now become one of the most popular model systems for studies of cell biology and biochemistry in higher plants (Nagata et al. 1992). Besides being used as an ideal model of plant cells, BY-2 cells have often been regarded as relatively featureless cells that can only grow rapidly without remarkable differentiation of organelles. In spite of this impression, BY-2 cells have already been used in many aspects of plant organelle research. Recent studies, moreover, have revealed that the organelles in BY-2 cells exhibit dynamic changes in morphology and function, depending on their growth phases and culture conditions. Such findings further extend the potential use of this cell line as a material for studying plant organelle dynamics.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Allison L, Simon L, Maliga P (1996) Deletion of rpoB reveals a second distinct transcription system in plastids of higher plants. EMBO J 15: 2802–2809

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chang C, Sheen J, Bligny M, Niwa Y, Lerbs-Mache S, Stern D (1999) Functional analysis of two maize cDNAs encoding T7-like RNA polymerases. Plant Cell 11: 911–926

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Deng X, Stern D, Tonkyn J, Gruissem W (1987) Plastid run-on transcription: application to determine the transcriptional regulation of spinach plastid genes. J Biol Chem 262: 9641–9648

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fujie M, Kuroiwa H, Kawano S, Kuroiwa T (1993) Studies on the behavior of organelles and their nucleoids in the root apical meristem of Arabidopsis thaliana ( L.) Col. Planta 189: 443–452

    Google Scholar 

  • Fujie M, Kuroiwa H, Kawano S, Mutoh S, Kuroiwa T (1994) Behavior of organelles and their nucleoids in the shoot apical meristem during leaf development in Arabidopsis thaliana L. Planta 194: 395–405

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fujiwara M, Nagashima A, Kanamaru K, Tanaka K, Takahashi H (2000) Three new nuclear genes, sigD, sigE, and sigF encoding putative plastid RNA polymerase sigma factors in Arabidopsis thaliana. FEBS Lett 481: 47–52

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hajdukiewicz P, Allison L, Maliga P (1997) The two types RNA polymerases encoded by the nuclear and the plastid compartments transcribe distinct groups of genes in tobacco plastids. EMBO J 16: 4041–4048

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hansmann P, Falk H, Ronai K, Sitte P (1985) Structure, composition, and distribution of plastid nucleoids in Narcissus pseudonarcissus. Planta 164: 459–472

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hedtke B, Börner T, Weihe A (1997) Mitochondrial and chloroplast phage-type RNA polymerases in Arabidopsis. Science 277: 809–811

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heinhorst S, Cannon G, Weissbach A (1990) Chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA polymerases from cultured soybean cells. Plant Physiol 92: 939–945

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hess W, Börner T (1999) Organellar RNA polymerases of higher plants. Int Rev Cytol 190: 1–59

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Isono K, Shimizu M, Yoshimoto K, Niwa Y, Satoh K, Yokota A, Kobayashi H (1997) Leaf-specifically expressed genes for polypeptides destined for chloroplasts with domains of sigma70 factors of bacterial RNA polymerases in Arabidopsis thaliana. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94: 14948–14953

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kanamaru K, Nagashima A, Fujiwara M, Shimada H, Shirano Y, Nakabayashi K, Shibata D, Tanaka K, Takahashi H (2001) An Arabidopsis sigma factor (SIG2)-dependent expression of plastid-encoded tRNAs in chloroplasts. Plant Cell Physiol 42: 1034–1043

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kapoor S, Suzuki JY, Sugiura M (1997) Identification and functional significance of a new class of non-consensus-type plastid promoters. Plant J 11: 327–337

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kato K, Matsumoto T, Koiwai A, Mizusaki S, Nishida K, Noguchi M, Tamaki E (1972) Liquid suspension culture of tobacco cells. In: Terui G (ed) Fermentation technology today. Soc Ferment Technol, Osaka, Japan, pp 689–695

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuroiwa T (1991) The replication, differentiation, and inheritance of plastids with emphasis on the concept of organelle nuclei. Int Rev Cytol 128: 1–62

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kuroiwa T, Suzuki T, Ogawa K, Kawano S (1981) The chloroplast nucleus: distribution, number, size, and shape, and a model for the multiplication of the chloroplast genome during chloroplast development. Plant Cell Physiol 22: 381–396

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuroiwa T, Kuroiwa H, Mita T, Fujie M (1990) Fluorescence microscopic study of the formation of giant mitochondrial nuclei in the young ovules of Pelargonium zonale. Protoplasma 158: 191–194

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kuroiwa T, Fujie M, Kuroiwa H (1992) Studies on the behavior of mitochondrial DNA; synthesis of mitochondrial DNA occurs actively in a specific region just above the quiescent center in the root apical meristem of Pelargonium zonale. J Cell Sci 101: 483–493

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lahiri S, Allison L (2000) Complementary expression of two plastid-localized 6-like factors in maize. Plant Physiol 123: 883–894

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lindbeck A, Rose R, Lawrence M, Possingham J (1987) The role of chloroplast membranes in the location of chloroplast DNA during the greening of Phaseolus vulgaris etioplasts. Protoplasma 139: 92–99

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maliga P (1998) Two plastid RNA polymerases of higher plants: an evolving story. Trends Plant Sci 3: 4–6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miyamura S, Nagata T, Kuroiwa T (1986) Quantitative fluorescence microscopy on dynamic changes of plastid nucleoids during wheat development. Protoplasma 133: 66–72

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miyamura S, Kuroiwa T, Nagata T (1990) Multiplication and differentiation of plastid-nucleoids during development of chloroplasts and etioplasts from proplastids in Triticum aesativum. Plant Cell Physiol 31: 597–602

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miyazawa Y, Sakai A, Miyagishima S, Takano H, Kawano S, Kuroiwa T (1999) Auxin and cytokinin have opposite effects on amyloplast development and the expression of starch synthesis genes in cultured Bright Yellow 2 tobacco cells. Plant Physiol 121: 461–469

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miyazawa Y, Sakai A, Kawano S, Kuroiwa T (2000) Organellar protein synthesis controls amyloplast formation independent of starch synthesis gene expression. Cytologia 65: 435–442

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miyazawa Y, Sakai A, Kawano S, Kuroiwa T (2001) Differential regulation of starch synthesis gene expression during amyloplast development in cultured tobacco BY-2 cells. J Plant Physiol 158: 1077–1084

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miyazawa Y, Kato H, Muranaka T, Yoshida S (2002) Amyloplast formation in cultured tobacco BY-2 cells requires high cytokinin content. Plant Cell Physiol 43: 1534–1541

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mullet J, Klein R (1987) Transcription and RNA stability are important determinants of higher plant chloroplast RNA levels. EMBO J 6: 1571–1579

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nagata T, Nemoto Y, Hasezawa S (1992) Tobacco BY-2 cell line as the “Hela” cell in the cell biology of higher plants. Int Rev Cytol 132: 1–30

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nemoto Y, Kawano S, Nakamura S, Mita T, Nagata T, Kuroiwa T (1988) Studies on plastid-nuclei (nucleoids) in Nicotiana tabacum L. I. Isolation of proplastid-nuclei from cultured cells and identification of proplastid-nuclear proteins. Plant Cell Physiol 29: 167–177

    Google Scholar 

  • Nemoto Y, Nagata T, Kuroiwa T (1989) Studies on plastid-nuclei (nucleoids) in Nicotiana tabacum L. II. Disassembly and reassembly of proplastid-nuclei isolated from cultured cells. Plant Cell Physiol 30: 445–454

    Google Scholar 

  • Nemoto Y, Kawano S, Kondoh K, Nagata T, Kuroiwa T (1990) Studies on plastid-nuclei (nucleoids) in Nicotiana tabacum L. III. Isolation of chloroplast-nuclei from mesophyll protoplasts and identification of chloroplast DNA-binding proteins. Plant Cell Physiol 31: 767–776

    Google Scholar 

  • Nemoto Y, Kawano S, Nagata T, Kuroiwa T (1991) Studies on plastid-nuclei (nucleoids) in Nicotiana tabacum L. IV. Association of chloroplast-DNA with proteins at several specific sites in isolated chloroplast-nuclei. Plant Cell Physiol 32: 131–141

    Google Scholar 

  • Okamura S, Suzuki T, Miyazawa Y, Kuroiwa T, Sakai A (2002) Activation of organelle DNA synthesis in the initial phase of cell proliferation of BY-2 cultured tobacco cells following medium renewal. Plant Morphol 14: 16–28

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sakai A (2001) In vitro transcription/DNA synthesis using isolated organelle-nuclei: application to the analysis of the mechanisms that regulate organelle genome function. J Plant Res 114: 199–211

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sakai A, Yamashita H, Nemoto Y, Kawano S, Kuroiwa T (1991) Transcriptional activity of morphologically intact proplastid-nuclei (nucleoids) isolated from tobacco cultured cells. Plant Cell Physiol 32: 835–843

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sakai A, Kawano S, Kuroiwa T (1992) Conversion of proplastids to amyloplasts in tobacco cultured cells is accompanied by changes in the transcriptional activities of plastid genes. Plant Physiol 100: 1062–1066

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sakai A, Yashiro K, Kawano S, Kuroiwa T (1996) Amyloplast formation in cultured tobacco cells; effects of plant hormones on multiplication, size, and starch content. Plant Cell Rep 15: 601–605

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sakai A, Miyazawa Y, Yashiro K, Suzuki T, Kawano S (1997) Amyloplast formation in cultured tobacco cells II: Effects of transcription/translation inhibitors on accumulation of starch. Cytologia 62: 295–301

    Google Scholar 

  • Sakai A, Saito C, Inada N, Kuroiwa T (1998a) Transcriptional activities of the chloroplast-nuclei and proplastid-nuclei isolated from tobacco exhibit different sensitivities to tagetitoxin: implication of the presence of distinct RNA polymerases. Plant Cell Physiol 39: 928–934

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sakai A, Suzuki T, Miyazawa Y, Kawano S, Nagata T, Kuroiwa T (1998b) Comparative analysis of plastid gene expression in tobacco chloroplasts and proplastids: relationship between transcription and transcript accumulation. Plant Cell Physiol 39: 581–589

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sakai A, Suzuki T, Miyazawa Y, Kuroiwa T (1998c) Simultaneous isolation of cell-nuclei, plastid-nuclei and mitochondrial-nuclei from cultured tobacco cells: comparative analysis of their transcriptional activities in vitro. Plant Sci 133: 17–31

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sakai A, Suzuki T, Nagata N, Sasaki N, Miyazawa Y, Saito C, Inada N, Nishimura Y, Kuroiwa T (1999a) Comparative analysis of DNA synthesis activity in plastid-nuclei and mitochondrialnuclei simultaneously isolated from cultured tobacco cells. Plant Sci 140: 9–19

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sakai A, Miyazawa Y, Saito C, Nagata N, Takano H, Hirano H-Y, Kuroiwa T (1999b) Amyloplast formation in cultured tobacco cells III: Determination of the timing of gene expression necessary for starch accumulation. Plant Cell Rep 18: 589–594

    Google Scholar 

  • Sakai A, Miyazawa Y, Suzuki T, Sasaki N, Kawano S, Kuroiwa T (1999c) Plastid gene expression during amyloplast formation in cultured tobacco cells. J Plant Physiol 154: 71–78

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sato N, Albrieux C, Joyaed J, Douce R, Kuroiwa T (1993) Detection and characterization of a plastid envelope DNA-binding protein which may anchor plastid-nucleoid. EMBO J 12: 555–561

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Satoh M, Nemoto Y, Kawano S, Nagata T, Hirokawa H, Kuroiwa T (1993) Organization of heterogeneous mitochondrial DNA molecules in mitochondrial nuclei of cultured tobacco cells. Protoplasma 175: 112–120

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shinozaki K, Ohme M, Tanaka M, Wakasugi T, Hayashida N, Matsubayashi T, Zaita N, Chunwongse J, Obokata J, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, Ohto C, Torazawa K, Meng BY, Sugita M, Deno H, Kamogashira T, Yamada K, Kusuda J, Takaiwa F, Kato A, Tohdoh N, Shimada H, Sugiura M (1986) The complete nucleotide sequence of the tobacco chloroplast genome: its gene organization and expression. EMBO J 5: 2043–2049

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Staehelin L, Giddings T, Kiss J, Sack F (1990) Macromolecular differentiation of Golgi stacks in root tips of Arabidopsis and Nicotiana seedlings as visualized in high pressure frozen and freeze-substituted samples. Protoplasma 157: 75–91

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steinberg T, Mathews D, Curbin R, Burgess R (1990) Tagetitoxin: a new inhibitor of eukaryotic transcription by RNA polymerase III. J Biol Chem 265: 499–505

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stern D, Higgs D, Yang J (1997) Transcription and translation in chloroplasts. Trends Plant Sci 2: 308–315

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Suzuki T, Kawano S, Sakai A, Fujie M, Kuroiwa H, Nakamura H, Kuroiwa T (1992) Preferential mitochondrial and plastid DNA synthesis before multiple cell divisions in Nicotiana tabacum. J Cell Sci 103: 831–837

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Suzuki T, Sasaki N, Sakai A, Kawano S, Kuroiwa T (1995) Localization of organelle DNA synthesis within root apical meristem of rice. J Exp Bot 46: 19–25

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Suzuki T, Sakai A, Kawano S, Kuroiwa T (1996) Organelle DNA synthesis before cell nuclear replication is essential for subsequent cell propagation. Cytologia 61: 235–245

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tanaka K, Oikawa K, Ohta N, Kuroiwa H, Kuroiwa T (1996) Nuclear encoding of a chloroplast RNA polymerase sigma subunit in a red alga. Science 272: 1932–1935

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • The Arabidopsis Genome Initiative (2000) Analysis of the genome sequence of the flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Nature 408:796–815

    Google Scholar 

  • Winicur Z, Zhang G, Staehelin L (1998) Auxin deprivation induces synchronous Golgi differentiation in suspension-cultured tobacco BY-2 cells. Plant Physiol 117: 501–513

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yasuda T, Kuroiwa T, Nagata T (1988) Preferential synthesis of plastid DNA and increased replication of plastids in cultured tobacco cells following medium renewal. Planta 174: 235–241

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Nara Women’s University, Kitauoya, Narashi, Nara, 630-8506, Japan

    Atsushi Sakai

  2. RIKEN (The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research), 2-1 Hirosawa, 351-0198, Wako-shi, Saitama, Japan

    Yutaka Miyazawa

  3. Department of Life Science, College of Science, Rikkyo (St. Paul’s) University, 3-34-1 Nishiikebukuro, 171-8501, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, Japan

    Tsuneyoshi Kuroiwa

Authors
  1. Atsushi Sakai
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Yutaka Miyazawa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Tsuneyoshi Kuroiwa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate School of Science, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, 113-0033, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan

    Toshiyuki Nagata

  2. Graduate School of Science, Department of Integral Biosciences, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, 227-8562, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba, Japan

    Seiichiro Hasezawa

  3. Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB/Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium

    Dirk Inzé

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2004 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Sakai, A., Miyazawa, Y., Kuroiwa, T. (2004). Studies on Dynamic Changes of Organelles Using Tobacco BY-2 as the Model Plant Cell Line. In: Nagata, T., Hasezawa, S., Inzé, D. (eds) Tobacco BY-2 Cells. Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry, vol 53. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-10572-6_14

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-10572-6_14

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-07305-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-662-10572-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation