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Structure and Activity of Endotoxins

  • Chapter
Bacterial Protein Toxins

Part of the book series: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology ((HEP,volume 145))

Abstract

Gram-negative bacteria comprise a great number of pathogenic microorganisms causing a variety of diseases in mammals, including man. Many of the clinical symptoms observed following an infection with gram-negative pathogens are specific for the infectious species; however, some symptoms are commonly observed and are thus species independent (Brade et al. 1988). These symptoms, such as fever, were attributed to the action of heat-stable toxins that were recognized to be associated with the bacterial cell and were therefore termed endotoxins (Wolff 1904; Westphal and Lüderitz 1954; Rietschel and Brade 1992) to distinguish this class of toxins from actively secreted exotoxins, which are proteins and are thus heat labile (Bhakdi et al. 1994). The chemical characterization of endotoxins revealed that they are composed of a lipid component and a carbohydrate component; thus, they are lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) because of their chemical nature (Westphal and Lüderitz 1954).

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  1. S. Hauschildt
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  2. W. Brabetz
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  1. Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 5, 79104, Freiburg i. Br., Germany

    Klaus Aktories  & Ingo Just  & 

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Hauschildt, S. et al. (2000). Structure and Activity of Endotoxins. In: Aktories, K., Just, I. (eds) Bacterial Protein Toxins. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 145. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05971-5_27

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05971-5_27

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