Risiken und Gefahren der ‚Künstlichen‘ ‚Intelligenz‘

Kreissl, Reinhard; von Laufenberg, Roger

doi:10.1007/978-3-658-43521-9_10

Reinhard Kreissl³ &
Roger von Laufenberg³

798 Accesses

Zusammenfassung

Die Debatte über das Für und Wider von Künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) wird auf der einen Seite mit dem Argument der Optimierung menschlichen Handelns und Wirkens geführt. Auf der anderen Seite dienen überzogene Szenarien einer alles einnehmende Technologie als Gegenbeispiel. Dabei mangeln beide Argumentationsstränge häufig einer realistischen Einschätzung, Beobachtung und Analyse der Möglichkeiten und Grenzen von KI, inklusive der damit einhergehenden realen Risiken und Gefahren. Die Erwartungen an das ‚Können der KI‘ sind häufig eher illusorischer Natur und unter- bzw. überschätzen dadurch auch die Risiken. Bei genauerer Analyse wird ersichtlich, dass der Begriff KI in vielen Fällen irreführend ist – weder künstlich, noch intelligent – in welcher die Fehleinschätzung über das Können der KI begründet ist. In diesem Beitrag gehen wir dabei auf diese verzweigte Risiko-Debatte ein, analysieren die Aspekte der Künstlichkeit und Intelligenz der KI, bevor wir auf die unterschiedlichen Stränge der KI-Risiko Debatten eingehen – anhand von vier konkreten Einsatzszenarien.

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Notes

1.
Eine erwähnenswerte Ausnahme ist hier die in Frankreich gestartete Initiative BLOOM, bei der mehr als 1000 Forscher:innen im Bereich der KI-basierten Sprachprogramme an einem transparenten, nicht anglozentrischen Model arbeiten (Heikkilä 2022).
2.
Zur epistemischen und methodischen Problematik solcher als-ob Rekonstruktionen menschlichen Handelns siehe Schlicht (2002).
3.
Die soziologische Systemtheorie spricht hier von Komplexitätsreduktion und Heinrich Popitz (1976) vom Ordnungswert der Ordnung.
4.
Auch im Bereich des ML kommt das Prinzip der cognitive economy zum Einsatz. Siehe Warnett und McGonigle (2002).
5.
Zeitdiagnostische Gesellschaftstheorien von Giddens (1990) über Beck (1986) bis Bauman (2015) haben diese Momente der Mobilität, Entwurzelung und Entgrenzung aus soziologischer Perspektive ausführlich analysiert.

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Kreissl, R., von Laufenberg, R. (2024). Risiken und Gefahren der ‚Künstlichen‘ ‚Intelligenz‘. In: Heinlein, M., Huchler, N. (eds) Künstliche Intelligenz, Mensch und Gesellschaft. Springer VS, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-43521-9_10

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