Zusammenfassung
Digitale Kommunikationsumgebungen wie soziale Netzwerke und Messengerdienste bieten vielfältige Möglichkeiten zur Auseinandersetzung mit einer Vielzahl von Themen und Ansichten und zur Teilhabe an gesellschaftlich und politisch relevanten öffentlichen Diskursen. Sie tragen gleichzeitig aber auch zu „tiefgreifenden gesellschaftlichen Wandlungsprozessen“ (Knüpfer et al., 2020: 83) und zur Entstehung dissonanter Öffentlichkeitskonstellationen bei, die mit einer Reihe von potenziellen Risiken und Herausforderungen für die private und öffentliche Meinungsbildung einhergehen (Stark et al., 2020). Die über diese Kanäle verbreiteten Ansichten und Informationen sind häufig ungeprüft, fehlerbehaftet und nicht unabhängig.
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Notes
- 1.
Ein absolutes Verbot von Social Bots ist unter dem Gesichtspunkt der Meinungsfreiheit zu verwerfen. Eine Einschränkung der Meinungsfreiheit unterliegt dem Grundsatz der Verhältnismässigkeit und lässt sich nur dadurch begründen, wenn sie dem öffentlichen Interesse dient oder durch den Schutz der Grundrechte Dritter gerechtfertigt ist (Oehmer & Pedrazzi, 2020).
- 2.
Einheitliche Definitionen hierzu fehlen. In der Literatur sind die mehrheitlich aus dem Englischen entlehnten Begriffe Desinformation, Misinformation und früher auch Fake News anzufinden, die teilweise synonym verwendet werden. Die Unterscheidung zwischen Misinformation und Desinformation erfolgt meistens auf der Ebene des:r Urhebers:in, dem:r im Falle von Desinformation eine böswillige Absicht oder zumindest wissentliches Handeln unterstellt wird. Ob dem:r (oft unbekannten) Urheber:in allerdings eine täuschende oder böswillige Absicht unterstellt werden kann, ist in den meisten Fällen nicht eindeutig. Dementsprechend fehlt es dem Begriff Desinformation an Trennschärfe für empirische Untersuchungen, weshalb in diesem Beitrag der Begriff Misinformation verwendet wird, wenn es um falsche oder irreführende Inhalte geht, unabhängig von der dahinterstehenden Absicht.
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Pedrazzi, S. (2024). Governance durch Social Bots? Das Potenzial von automatisierten Accounts als Governance-Instrument in digitalen Kommunikationsumgebungen. In: Prinzing, M., Seethaler, J., Eisenegger, M., Ettinger, P. (eds) Regulierung, Governance und Medienethik in der digitalen Gesellschaft. Mediensymposium. Springer VS, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-42478-7_10
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-42478-7_10
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