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Migration und Finanzkrise

Migration and Financial Crisis

Eine quantitative und strukturelle Analyse der Umlenkung von Wanderungsströmen

A Quantitative and Structural Analysis of Diversion of Migration Flows

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Social Demography Forschung an der Schnittstelle von Soziologie und Demografie

Zusammenfassung

Dieser Beitrag untersucht die Auswirkungen der Finanz- und Wirtschaftskrise auf die Migration in Europa und nach Deutschland. Die Krise hat weniger einen Anstieg der Migration aus den unmittelbar betroffenen Ländern als vielmehr eine Umlenkung der Migrationsströme aus den neuen Mitgliedsstaaten der EU in prosperierende Länder wie Deutschland bewirkt. Neue Schätzverfahren, die systematisch den Einfluss wirtschaftlicher Variablen in alternativen Zielländern berücksichtigen, zeigen, dass der überwiegende Anteil des Anstiegs der Migration nach Deutschland auf die Verschlechterung der wirtschaftlichen Bedingungen in anderen Zielländern zurückzuführen ist. Weiterhin zeigen neue Mikrodaten aus der IAB-SOEP-Migrationsstichprobe, dass der Anteil von Personen, die nicht aus ihrem Geburtsland zuwandern, an den Zuzügen seit Beginn der Krise signifikant gestiegen ist. Der Anteil der Personen, der vor dem Zuzug erwerbslos war, hat im Zuge der Krise nicht zugenommen. Allerdings hat sich die durchschnittliche berufliche Qualifikation verschlechtert.

Abstract

This paper analyzes the impact of the financial and economic crisis on migration within Europe and towards Germany. The crisis has triggered a diversion of migration flows from the new EU Member States to prospering countries such as Germany rather than a large increase of migration from the mainly affected countries. Novel estimation procedures, which consider systematically conditions in alternative destinations, show that the overwhelming share of the migration surge in Germany can be attributed to the deterioration of economic conditions in alternative destinations. Furthermore, micro data from the new IAB-SOEP migration sample demonstrate that the share of individuals who did not immigrate from their birth countries in all arrivals has significantly increased since the begin of the crisis. The share of individuals, who have been non-employed before their arrival in Germany, has not increased in the course of the crisis. However, average education levels of new arrivals have declined.

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Karsten Hank Michaela Kreyenfeld

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Brücker, H. (2016). Migration und Finanzkrise. In: Hank, K., Kreyenfeld, M. (eds) Social Demography Forschung an der Schnittstelle von Soziologie und Demografie. Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie. Springer VS, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-11490-9_8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-11490-9_8

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