Abstract
The endocrine glands or organs of the bird are (1) the hypophysis or pituitary, (2) the thyroids, (3) the parathyroids, (4) the adrenals, (5) the pancreas, (6) the testes and ovary (gonads), (7) the ultimo-bronchial glands, and (8) the intestine. The thymus and pineal bodies, which are sometimes classified as endocrine organs, are present in the bird but their functions are not clear.
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Sturkie, P.D. (1976). Hypophysis. In: Sturkie, P.D. (eds) Avian Physiology. Springer Advanced Texts in Life Sciences. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-96274-5_15
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