Skip to main content

Normale und pathologische Entwicklung des Nervensystems

  • Chapter
Pathologie
  • 88 Accesses

Zusammenfassung

Das Zentralnervensystem ist das am frühesten angelegte Organ des Organismus. Seine Entwicklung beginnt mit der Bildung der Neuralplatte. Die vor diesem Zeitpunkt während der Gameto- bzw. Blastogenese erfolgenden Entwicklungsstörungen sind in der Regel mit dem weiteren Überleben nicht vereinbar.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 69.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Literitur

  1. Friede RL (1989) Developmental neuropathology, 2nd ed. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo

    Google Scholar 

  2. Lemire RJ, Loeser JD, Leech RW, Alvord EC Jr (1975) Normal and abnormal development of the human nervous system. Harper & Row, Hagerstown Maryland New York Evanston San Francisco London

    Google Scholar 

  3. Chuong C-M (1990) Adhesion molecules (N-CAM and tenascin) in embryonic development and tissue regeneration. J Craniofac Genet 10:147–161

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Clarke PGH (1990) Developmental cell death: morphological diversity and multiple mechanism. Anat Embryol (Berl) 181: 195–213

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Ferrer I, Soriano E, Del Rio JA, Alcantara S, Auladell C (1992) Cell death and removal in the cerebral cortex during development. Progr Neurobiol 39: 1–43

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Reichardt LF, Tomaselli KJ (1991) Regulation of neural development by the extracellular Matrix. In: McDonald JA, Mecham RP, (eds) Receptors for extracellular matrix. Acad Press, London New York, pp 157–193

    Google Scholar 

  7. Aleksic S, Budzilovich G, Greco MA, Feigin I, Epstein F, Pearson J (1983) Iniencephaly: a neuropathologic study. Clin Neuropathol 2: 55–61

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Athow AC, Filipe MI, Drake DP (1991) Hyperganglionosis mimicking Hirschsprung’s disease. Arch Dis Child 66: 1300–1303

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Badner JA, Sieber WK, Garver KL, Chakravarti A (1990) A genetic study of Hirschsprung disease. Am J Hum Genet 46: 568–580

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Baljet B, Heyke GCM (1992) Zur Geschichte der Klassifikationssysteme der Doppelmißbildungen unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Klassifikationssystems von Louis Bolk (1866–1930). Ann Anat 174: 361–368

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Barr M Jr, Hanson JW, Currey K, Sharp S, Toriello H, Schmickel RD, Wilson GN (1983) Holoprosencephaly in infants of diabetic mothers. J Pediatr 102: 565–568

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Bass NH, Young E (1973) Effects of hypothyroidism on the differentiation of neurons and glia in developing rat cerebrum. J Neurol Sci 18: 155–173

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Becker LE, Armstrong DL, Chan F (1986) Dendritic atrophy in children with Down’s syndrome. Ann Neurol 20: 520–526

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Bell JE, Gordon A, Maloney AFJ (1980) The association of hydrocephalus and Arnold-Chiari malformation with spina bifida in the fetus. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 6: 29–39

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Benke PJ, Cohen MM Jr (1983) Recurrence of holoprosencephaly in families with a positive history. Clin Genet 24: 324–328

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Berry-Kravis E, Israel J (1994) X-linked pachygyria and agenesis of the corpus callosum: Evidence for an X chromosome lissencephaly locus. Ann Neurol 36: 229–233

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Blisard KS, Kleinman R (1986) Hirschsprung’s disease: a clinical and pathologic overview. Hum Pathol 17: 1189–1191

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Büchner F (1966) Die allgemeine Pathologie der Entwicklung. Mißbildungen und Mißbildungskrankheiten. In: Büchner F, (Hrsg) Allgemeine Pathologie, 5. Aufl. Urban & Schwarzenberg, München Berlin Wien, p 365

    Google Scholar 

  19. Byrne J, Warburton D (1986) Neural tube defects in spontaneous abortions. Am J Med Genet 25: 327–333

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Campbell LR, Dayton DH, Sohal GS (1986) Neural tube defects: a review of human and animal studies on the etiology of neural tube defects. Teratology 34: 171–187

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Chapman PH, Swearingen B, Caviness VS (1989) Subtorcular occipital encephalocele. Anatomical considerations relevant to operative management. J Neurosurg 71: 375–381

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Chiari H (1891) Über Veränderungen des Kleinhirns infolge von Hydrocephalie des Großhirns. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 17: 1172–1175

    Google Scholar 

  23. Choi BH, Lapham LW, Amin-Zaki L, Saleem T (1978) Abnormal neuronal migration, deranged cerebral cortical organization, and diffuse white matter astrocytosis of human fetal brain: a major effect of methylmercury poisoning in utero. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 37: 719–733

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Colmant HJ (1955) Der Aquäduktverschluß. Dysgenetische Gliosen und verwandte Prozesse. Arch Psychiat Z Neurol 194: 17–35

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Cowchock S, Ainbender E, Prescott G, Candall B, Lau L, Heller R, Muir WA, Kloza E, Feigelson M, Mennuti M, Cederquist L (1980) The recurrence risk for neural tube defects in the United States: a collaborative study. Am J Med Genet 5: 309–314

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Cragg BG (1975) The density of synapses and neurons in normal, mentally defective and ageing human brains. Brain 98: 81–90

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Dellmann HD (1985) Fine structural organization of the subfonical organ. A concise review. Brain Res Bull 15: 71–78

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. DeMorsier G (1956) Etudes sur les dysraphiques crânio-encéphaliques. Agénésie du septum lucidum avec malformation de tractus optique. La dyslasie septo-optique. Schweiz Arch Neurol Psychiatr 77: 267–292

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. DeVore GR, Woodbury DM (1977) Phenytoin: an evaluation of several potential teratogenic mechanisms. Epilepsia 18: 387–396

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Dieker H, Edwards RH, ZuRhein G, Chou SM, Hartman HA, Opitz JM (1969) The lissencephaly syndrome. Birth Defects 5: 53–64

    Google Scholar 

  31. Dobyns WB (1989) Agenesis of the corpus callosum and gyral malformations are frequent manifestations of nonketotic hyperglycinemia. Neurology 39: 817–820

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Dolk H, Dewals P, Gillerot Y, Lechat MF, Ayme S, Cornel M, Cuschieri A, Garne E, Goujard J, Laurence KM, Lillis D, Lys F, Nevin N, Owens J, Radic A, Stoll C, Stone D, Tenkate L (1991) Heterogeneity of neural tube defects in Europe. The significance of site of defect and presence of other major anomalies in relation to geographic differences in prevalence. Teratology 44: 547–559

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Ducket S, Winick M (1981) Malnutrition and brain dysfunction. In: Black I, (ed) Brain dysfunction in children. Etiology, diagnosis and management. Raven Press, New York pp 109–130

    Google Scholar 

  34. Dudas I, Czeizel AE (1992) Use of 6,000 IV vitamin A during early pregnancy without teratogenic effect. Teratology 45: 335–336

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Eggers C, Hamer J (1979) Hydrosyringomyelia in childhood: clinical aspects, pathogenesis and therapy. Neuropädiatrie 10: 87–90

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Elwood JH (1976) Major central nervous system malformations notified in Northern Irland, 1969 to 1973. Dev Med Child Neurol 18: 512–520

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Emery JL, Lendon RG (1973) The local cord lesion in neurospinal dysraphism (meningomyelocele). J Pathol 110: 83–96

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Finke J, Koch G (1968) Das Cavum septi pellucidi: Vorkommen und Aussagewert. Bericht über 128 Fälle. Dtsch Z Nervenheilk 193:154–157

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Fraser FC, Czeizel A, Hanson C (1982) Increased frequency of neural tube defects in sibs of children with other malformations. Lancet 2: 144–145

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Fukuyama Y, Osawa M, Kanai N (1992) Moyamoya disease (syndrome) and the Down syndrome. Brain Dev 14: 254–256

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Goerttler K (1964) Kyematopathien (Embryo- und Fetopathien) In: Becker PE, (Hrsg) Humangenetik, Bd II. Thieme, Stuttgart, pp 1–54

    Google Scholar 

  42. Gross H, Jellinger K, Kaltenbäck E, Pfolz H (1978) Die Phakomatosen: Übersicht über klinische und neuropathologische Befunde bei eigenen Fällen. Zentralbl Pathol 122: 577

    Google Scholar 

  43. Gruber GB (1934) Beiträge zur Frage “gekoppelter” MiBbildungen (Akrocephalo-Syndaktylie und Dysencephalia splanchnocystica). Beitr Pathol Anat 93: 459–476

    Google Scholar 

  44. Hertel G, Kramer S, Placzek E (1973) Die Syringomyelie. Nervenarzt 44: 1–13

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Hibbard ED, Smithells RW (1965) Folic acid metabolism and human embryology. Lancet 1: 1254

    Google Scholar 

  46. Hirsch JF, Pierre-Kahn A, Renier D, Sainte-Rose C, Hoppe Hirsch E (1984) The Dandy-Walker malformation. A review of 40 cases. J Neurosurg 61: 515–522

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Hirt HR, Zdrojewski B, Weber G (1982) The manifestations and complications of intraspinal congenital dermal sinuses and dermoid cysts. Neuropadiätrie 3: 231–247

    Google Scholar 

  48. Hori A, Fischer G, Dietrich-Schott B, Ikeda K (1982) Dimyelia, diplomyelia, and diastematomyelia. Clin Neuropathol 1: 23–30

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Hori A, Tamagawa K, Eber SW, Westmeiner M, Hansmann I (1987) Neuropathology of Seckel syndrome in fetal stage with evidence of intrauterine developmental retardation. Acta Neuropathol 74: 397–401

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. James CCH, Lassmann LP (1972) Spinal dysraphism: spina bifida occulta. Butterworth, London

    Google Scholar 

  51. Jellinger K, Rett A (1976) Agyria-pachygyria (lissencephaly syndrome). Neuropädiatrie 7: 66–91

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Jellinger K (1976) Spezielle Pathologie des zentralen und peripheren Nervensystems sowie der neuromuskulären Peripherie. In: Holzner JH, (ed) Spezielle Pathologie 3. Urban & Schwarzenberg, München Berlin Wien, p 141

    Google Scholar 

  53. Jellinger K, Gross H, Kaltenbäck E, Grisold W (1981) Holoprosencephaly and agenesis of the corpus callosum: frequency of associated malformations. Acta Neuropathol 55: 1–10

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Johnson RT, Johnson KP (1968) Hydrocephalus following viral infection: the pathology of aqueductal stenosis developing after experimental mumps virus infection. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 27:591–606

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Joubert M, Eisenring JJ, Robb JP, Anderman F (1969) Familial agenesis of the cerebellar vermis. A syndrome of episodic hyperpnea, abnormal eye movements, ataxia, and retardation. Neurology 19: 813–825

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Kobori JA, Herrick MK, Urich H (1987) Arhinencephaly. The spectrum of associated malformations. Brain 110: 237–260

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Koch G (1966) Syringomyelie. In: Becker PE, (Hrsg) Humangenetik Band VII Thieme, Stuttgart, pp 112–129

    Google Scholar 

  58. Koch M, Fuhrmann W (1984) Epidemiology of neural tube defects in Germany. Hum Genet 68: 97–103

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Kurtzke JF, Goldberg ID, Kurland LT (1973) The distribution of deaths from cOflgenital malformations of the nervous system. Neurology 23: 483–496

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Lurie TW, Nedzved MK, Lazjuk GI, Kirillova IA, Cherstvoy ED, Ostrovskaja TI, Shved IA (1980) The XK-aprosencephaly syndrome. Am J Med Genet 7: 231–234

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Marin-Padilla M, Marin-Padilla TM (1981) Morphogenesis of experimentally induced Arnold-Chiari malformation. J Neurol Sci 50: 29–55

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Mark MH, Farmer PM (1984) The human subfornical organ: an anatomic and ultrastructural study. Ann C1in Lab Sci 14: 427–442

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Meckel JF (1822) Beschreibung zweier, durch sehr ähnliche Bildungsabweichungen entstellter Geschwister. Dtsch Arch Physi 017: 99–172

    Google Scholar 

  64. McMillan JJ, Williams B (1977) Aqueduct stenosis – case review and discussion. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 40: 521–532

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Meier-Ruge W (1990) Das morphologische Erscheinungsbild der neuronalen Dysplasie des Plexus submucosus. Kinderarzt 21: 837–844

    Google Scholar 

  66. Michaelson PS, Gilles FH (1972) Central nervous system abnormalities in trisomy E (17–18) syndrome. J Neurol Sci 15: 193–208

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Mollgard K (1972) Histochemical investigation on the human foetal subcommissural organ. I. Carbohydrates and mucosubstances, proteins and nucleoproteins, esterase, acid and alkaline phosphatase. Histochemie 32: 31–48

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Mollgard K, Moller M, Kimble J (1973) Histochemical investigations on the human fetal subcommissural organ. II. The “large granules”. Histochemie 37: 61–74

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Muller K, Unger RR, Eckert H, Dietze R (1969) Über parietale Encephalocelen. Z Kinderheilk 105: 187–209

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Myrianthopoulos NC (1977) Concepts. definitions and classifications of congenital and developmental malformations of the central nervous system and related structures. In: Vinken PJ, Bruyn GW, (eds) Handbook of Clinical Neurology, vol 30, part I. North-Holland Pub, Amsterdam, pp 1–13

    Google Scholar 

  71. Nakano KK (1973) Anencephaly: a review. Dev Med Child Neurol 15:383–400

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Norman RM (1966) Neuropathological findings in trisomy 13–15 and 17–18 with special reference to the cerebellum. Dev Med Child Neurol 8: 170–177

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Novak N, Peiffer J (1989) Acetylcholinesterase-Negativität der Lamina propria spricht in den ersten acht Lebenswochen nicht gegen Morbus Hirschsprung. Z Kinderchirurg 44: 33–36

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Okada S, Nakagawa Y, Hirakawa K (1989) Syringomyelia extending to the basal ganglia. Case report. J Neurosurg 71: 616–617

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Ostertag B (1956) Die systematische Einordnung der Verbildungen des ZNS und ihre Bedeutung fUr die Konstitutionsforschung. In: Verh Dtsch Ges Pathol. 39. Tagung, Zurich, 1.-4.Juni 1955. Fischer, Stuttgart, pp 280–289

    Google Scholar 

  76. Padmanabhan R (1991) Is exencephaly the forerunner of anencephaly? An experimental study on the effect of prolonged gestation on the exencephaly induced after neural tube closure in the rat. Acta Anat 141: 182–192

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Passarge E, Lenz W (1966) Syndrome of caudal regression in infants of diabetic mothers: observations of further cases. Pediatrics 37: 672–675

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Patton BM (1953) Embryological stages in the establishing of myeloschisis with spina bifida. Am J Anat 93: 365–395

    Google Scholar 

  79. Peach B (1965) Arnold-Chiari malformation. Morphogenesis. Arch Neurol 12: 527–535

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Peiffer J, Majewski F, Fischbach H, Bierich lR, Yolk B (1979) Alcohol emhryo- and fetopathy. Neuropathology of 3 children and 3 fetuses. J Neurol Sci 41: 125–137

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Peiffer J (1980) Fehlbildungen (Mißbildungen) und Entwick lungsstörungen. In: Rotter W, (Hrsg) Lehrbuch der Pathologie, Bd. IV. Schattauer, Stuttgart, p 4

    Google Scholar 

  82. Rakic P (1981) Neuronal-glial interaction during brain development. TINS 4: 184–187

    Google Scholar 

  83. Recklinghausen F von (1886) Untersuchungen über die Spina bifida. Virchows Arch 105: 243–330

    Google Scholar 

  84. Rodriguez EM (1971) Comparative and functional morphology of the median eminence. In: Brain-endocrine interaction. Median eminence: Structure and function. Int Symp, Munchen 1971. Karger, Basel, pp 319–334

    Google Scholar 

  85. Saunders ES, Shortland D, Dunn PM (1984) What ist the incidence of holoprosencephaly? J Med Genet 21: 21–26

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Schlie BG (1979) Probleme der Syringomyelie. Fortschr Neurol Psychiat 47:557–608

    Google Scholar 

  87. Schulze KD, Braak H (1978) Hirnwarzen. Z Mikrosk Anat Forsch 92: 609–623

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Schunk H (1963) Congenital dilatation of the septum pellucidum. Radiology 81: 610–618

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Seller MJ (1986) Neural tube defects and sex ratios. (Letter) Lancet 2: 227

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Smith AD, Wald Nl, Cuckle HS, Stirrat GM, Bobrow M, Lagercrantz H (1979) Amniotic fluid acetylcholinesterase as a possible diagnostic test for neural tube defects in early pregnancy. Lancet 1:685–688

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Smith DM, Lemli L, Opitz JM (1964) A newly recognized syndrome of multiple congenital anomalies. J Pediatr 64: 210–217

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Stevenson AC, Johnston HA, Stewart MIP, Golding DR (1966) Congenital malformations. A report of a study of series of consecutive births in 24 centres. Bull WHO 34 [Suppl]: 1–127

    Google Scholar 

  93. Streissguth AD, Aase JM, CIarren SK, Randels SP, Ladue RA, Smith DF (1991) Fetal alcohol syndrome in adolescents and adults. J Am Med Assoc 265: 1961–1967

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Suetsugu M, Mehraein P (1980) Spine distribution along the apical dendrites of the pyramidal neurons in Down’s syndrome. Acta Neuropathol 50: 207–210

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Terplan KL, Sandberg AA, Aceto T Jr (1966) Structural anomalies in the cerebellum in association with trisomy. J Am Med Assoc 197: 557–568

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Towfighi J, Ladda RL, Sharkey FE (1987) Purkinje cell inclusions and „atelencephaly” in 13 q-chromosomal syndrome. Arch Pat hoi Lab Med 111: 146–150

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Voigt K (1969) Kongenitale Agenesie des Septum pellucidum. Arch Psychiat N ervenkr 212: 446–456

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Williams B (1970) The distending force in the production of communicating syringomyelia. Lancet 2: 41

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Williams B, Timpley WR (1977) Three cases of communicating syringomyelia secondary to midbrain gliomas. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 40: 80–88

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Willis RA (1968) Some unusual developmental heterotopias. Br Med 1 3: 267–272

    Google Scholar 

  101. Wilson lG (1973) Teratologic causation in man and its evalution in non-human primates. In: Motulsky AG, Lenz W, (eds) Birth defects proceedings of the 4th international conference, Vienna 1973. Experta Medica, Amsterdam, pp 191–203

    Google Scholar 

  102. Yakovlev PI (1959) Pathoarchitectonic studies of cerebral malformations. III. Arrhinencepha Jies (holoteleneephalies). J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 18: 22–55

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Yen IH, Khoury MJ, Erickson JD James LM, Waters GD, Berry RJ (1992) The changing epidemiology of neural tube defects - United States, 1968–1989. Am J Dis Child 146: 857–861

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Zwetsloot CP, Brouwer OF, Maaswinkel-Mooy PO (1989) Holoprosencephaly: variation of expression in face and brain in three sibs. J Med Genet 26: 274–276

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1995 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Hori, A., Peiffer, J. (1995). Normale und pathologische Entwicklung des Nervensystems. In: Remmele, W., Peiffer, J., Schröder, J.M. (eds) Pathologie. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-85179-7_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-85179-7_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-85180-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-85179-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics