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Tutors, Instructions and Helps

  • Conference paper
Künstliche Intelligenz

Part of the book series: Informatik-Fachberichte ((2252,volume 202))

Abstract

The goals of this paper are threefold. First we want to present a review of the literature on Computer assisted Instruction, second we want to discuss the quality of instructions in some texts and human-computer dialogs concerning Computer programming. Third we want to demonstrate the cognitive-science-based development of our programming environment ABSYNT. This includes the construction of iconic Instructions and helps which promise to be superior to verbal instractions and helps when properly designed.

This paper consists of three parts. In the first part (1.-3.) we give a short introduction to Computer aided instruction (CAI), intelligent Computer aided instruction (ICAI) and a special variant, namely intelligent tutoring Systems (ITS).

One of the most underestimated problems in the development of an ITS is the proper design of instruction. We prefer to discuss this problem not on an abstract but on a rather concrete level. So the second part (4.) documents two examples of instractions and helps typically given in textbooks and intelligent tutoring Systems concerning Computer science education. These examples show that at present the construction of instractions is more art than science. They are an uncontrolled source for errors and misconceptions of the students. This causes severe problems in CAI and ICAI, especially for the design of help components.

In the third pan (5.) we warn to demonstrate how to derive instructions and helps for a problem solving monitor (PSM) presently under construction. This approach rests on production based learning theory (ANDERSON. 1983.1987a; ANDERSON, GREENO, KLINE & NEVES, 1981; ANDERSON. KLINE & BEASLEY. 1980; EGAN & GREENO, 1974; SIMON & LEA, 1974; VanLEHN, 1987a,b). We used rule sets to formalize the knowledge about the operational semantics of a graphical virtual machine, which is driven by graphical programs in the ABSYNT language (ABstract SYNtax Trees). Abstract facts and rule sets, which can be conceived as a runnable specification of the virtual machine, are related to concrete counterparts: icons and iconic rules. Thus diagrammatic information forms the core of our instructional and help system.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Project ABSYNT, FB 10, Informatik Unit on Tutoring and Learning Systems, University of Oldenburg, D-2900, Oldenburg, W-Germany

    Claus Möbus & Heinz-J. Thole

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  1. Claus Möbus
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  2. Heinz-J. Thole
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  1. Gesellschaft für Mathematik und Datenverarbeitung, Forschungsgruppe Expertensysteme, Postfach 12 40, D-5205, St. Augustin, Deutschland

    Thomas Christaller

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Möbus, C., Thole, HJ. (1989). Tutors, Instructions and Helps. In: Christaller, T. (eds) Künstliche Intelligenz. Informatik-Fachberichte, vol 202. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83739-5_11

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83739-5_11

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