Abstract
If one follows a stream from its source to the sea, many of its physical and geomorphological properties, such as current speed, temperature, depth, etc., change in a predictable manner (Hynes 1970). All these factors influence occurrence and abundance of the various stream organisms. It comes as no surprise therefore that running waters display a longitudinal biological zonation. Fish biologists were the first to use this phenomenon to subdivide the sections of a watercourse into four zones named after their dominant fish. This empirical approach was developed in the 1950s in Belgium and northern Germany and proved useful for fishery biologists in nearby areas. However, presence or absence of some of these species in a given stream or river often depends on historical accidents and, with increasing distance from the region where the concept was first proposed, the original four species were replaced by others.
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Bärlocher, F. (1992). Recent Developments in Stream Ecology and Their Relevance to Aquatic Mycology. In: Bärlocher, F. (eds) The Ecology of Aquatic Hyphomycetes. Ecological Studies, vol 94. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76855-2_2
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