Abstract
The methylisocyanate (MIC) disaster in Bhopal, India, gave rise to many speculations about the toxic principle of isocyanates in general and MIC in particular (Varma 1987). In an attempt to clarify the mechanisms of the acute inhalation toxicity of MIC, numerous animal inhalation exposure studies were performed and reviewed (Bucher 1987). Thus, MIC can now be regarded as a “standard compound” for short-chained aliphatic monoisocyanates.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Brown WE, Green AH, Cedel TE, Cairns J (1987) Biochemistry of protein-isocyanate interactions: a comparison of the effects of aryl vs. alkyl isocyanates. Environ Health Perspect 72:5–11.
Bucher JR (1987) Methyl isocyanate: a review of health effects research since Bhopal. Fundam Appl Toxicol 9:367–379.
Bucher JR, Gupta BN, Adkins B, Thompson M, Jameson CW, Thigpen JE, Schwetz BA (1987) Toxicity of inhaled methyl isocyanate in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice. I. Acute exposure and recovery studies. Environ Health Perspect 72:53–61.
Dodd ED, Fowler EH, Snellings WM, Pritts IM, Baron RL (1986) Acute inhalation studies with methyl isocyanate vapor. I. Methodology and LC50 determinations in guinea pigs, rats, and mice. Fundam Appl Toxicol 6:747–755.
Ferguson JS, Schaper M, Stock MF, Weyel DA, Alarie Y (1986) Sensory and pulmonary irritation with exposure to methyl isocyanate. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 82:329–335.
Jacquez JA (1979) Respiratory physiology. Hemisphere, Washington, p 170.
Keller J, Sandridge RL (1974) Determination of isocyanates in the working atmosphere by thin-layer chromatography. Anal Chem 46:1845.
Kimmerle G, Eben A (1964) Zur Toxizität von Methylisocyanat und dessen quantitativer Bestimmung in der Luft. Arch Toxicol 20:235–241.
Moore WJ (1972) Physical chemistry, 5th ed. Longman, London, pp 213.
Nemery B, Dinsdale D, Sparrow S, Ray DE (1985) Effects of methyl isocyanate on the respiratory tract of rats. Br J Ind Med 42:799–805.
Pauluhn J (1988) Comparison and interpretation of different methods used in acute and subchronic inhalation studies with potential lung irritants with particular attention to pulmonary function measurements. In: Mohr U (ed) Inhalation toxicology—the design and interpretation of inhalation studies and their use in risk assessment. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 87–102.
Pauluhn J, Machemer L, Kimmerle G (1987) Effects of inhaled cholinesterase inhibitors on bronchial tonus and on plasma and erythrocyte acetylcholine esterase in rats. Toxicology 46:177–190.
Stevens MA, Fitzgerald S, Menache MG, Costa DL, Bucher JR (1987) Functional evidence of persistent airway obstruction in rats following a two-hour inhalation exposure to methyl isocyanate. Environ Health Perspect 72:89–94.
Thorne PS, Yeske CP, Karol MH (1987) Monitoring of guinea pig core temperature by telemetry during inhalation exposures. Fudam Appl Toxicol 9:398–408.
Troup CM, Dodd DE, Fowler EH, Frank FR (1987) Biological effects of short-term high concentration exposure of methyl isocyanate. II. Blood chemistry and hematologic evaluations. Environ Health Perspect 72:21–28.
Varma DR (1987) Anatomy of the methyl isocyanate leak in Bhopal. Hazard assessment of chemicals. Curr Dev 5:233–289.
Varma DR, Ferguson JS, Alarie Y (1987) Reproductive toxicity of methyl isocyanate in mice. J Toxicol Environ Health 21:265–275.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1989 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Pauluhn, J. (1989). A Mechanistic Approach to Assess the Inhalation Toxicity and Hazard of Methylisocyanate and Related Aliphatic Monoisocyanates. In: Mohr, U., Bates, D.V., Dungworth, D.L., Lee, P.N., McClellan, R.O., Roe, F.J.C. (eds) Assessment of Inhalation Hazards. ILSI Monographs. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74606-2_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74606-2_10
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-74608-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-74606-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive