Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Genetic Manipulation in Brassica

  • Chapter
Plant Protoplasts and Genetic Engineering II

Part of the book series: Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry ((AGRICULTURE,volume 9))

Abstract

Members of the family Cruciferae are sources of condiments, fodder, spices, and vegetables. Their contributions to human food supply range from the edible roots of the radish plant (Raphanus sativa) to the seeds of Brassica napus, which provide 10% of the world’s vegetable oil (Austin 1986). The six species of Brassica commonly cultivated worldwide are: B. campestris L. (turnip, turnip rape, chinese cabbage), B. carinata Braun (Abyssinian mustard), B. juncea Coss. (leaf mustard), B. napus (oil rape, canola, rutabaga), B. nigra Koch (black mustard), and B.oleracea L. (cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, brussel sprouts). The family Cruciferae also includes the genera Sinapis (mustard), Eruca (salad greens) and Crambe (source for industrial oils). The less familiar Moricandia has been the object of recent studies as a physiological intermediate to C3 and C4 plants (Hunt et al. 1987). Arabidopsis is a common weed, but an important model plant for genetic and developmental studies because of its small genome size and rapid life-cycle (Meyerowitz and Pruitt 1985).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Austin RB (1986) Oilseed rape. In: Austin RB, Flavell RB, Henson IE, Lowe HJB (eds): Molecular biology and crop improvement: a case study of wheat, oilseed rape and faba beans. Univ Press, Cambridge, pp 70–87

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Balazs E, Bonneville JM (1987) Chloramphenicol acetyl transferase activity in Brassica spp. Plant Sci 50:65 — 68

    Google Scholar 

  • Bannerot H, Boulidard L, Cauderon Y, TempĂ© J (1974) Transfer of cytoplasmic male sterility from Raphanus sativa to Brassica oleracea. Proc Eucarpia Meet Cruciferae Scottish Hortic Res Inst, Invergowrie, GB, pp 52–54

    Google Scholar 

  • Bannerot H, Boulidard L, Chupeau Y (1977) Unexpected difficulties met with the radish cytoplasm. Eucarpia Cruciferae Newslett 2: 2–16

    Google Scholar 

  • Barsby TL, Yarrow SA, Shepard JF (1984) Heterokaryon identification through simultaneous fluorescence of fluorescein isothiocyanate and tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate labelled protoplasts. Stain Technol 59: 217–220

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barsby TL, Yarrow SA, Shepard JF (1986) A rapid and efficient alternative procedure for regeneration of plants from hypocotyl protoplasts of Brassica napus. Plant Cell Rep 5: 101–103

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barsby TL, Chuong PV, Yarrow SA, Wu SC, Coumans M, Kemble RJ, Powell AD, Beversdorf WD, Pauls KP (1987) The combination of Polima CMS and cytoplasmic triazine resistance in Brassica napus. Theor Appl Genet 73: 809–814

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beversdorf WD, Weiss-Lerman J, Erikson LR, Souza-Machado V (1980) Transfer of cytoplasmically inherited triazine resistance from birds-rape to cultivated oilseed rape (Brassica campestris and B. napus). Can J Genet Cytol 22: 167–172

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brisson N, Paszkowski J, Penswick JR, Groennborn B, Potrykus I, Hohn T (1984) Expression of a bacterial gene in plants by using a viral vector. Nature (Lond) 310: 511–514

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chetrit P, Mathieu C, Vedel F, Pelletier G, Primard C (1985) Mitochondrial DNA polymorphism induced by protoplast fusion in Cruciferae. Theor Appl Genet 69: 361–366

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chiang MS, Crete R (1983) Transfer of resistance to race 2 of Plasmodiophera Brassicae from Brassica napus to cabbage (B. oleracea spp. Capitata). V. The inheritance of resistance. Euphytica 32:479— 483

    Google Scholar 

  • Chuong PV, Pauls KP, Beversdorf WD (1985) A simple culture method for Brassica hypocotyl protoplasts. Plant Cell Rep 4: 4–6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cornai L, Facciotti D, Miatt MR, Thompson G, Rose RE, Stalker DM (1985) Expression in plants of a mutant aroA gene from Salmonella typhimurium confers tolerance to glyphosate. Nature (Lond) 317:741 — 744

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans DA, Sharp WR (1986) Applications of somaclonal variation. Biotechnology 4: 528–532

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fan Z, Stefansson BR (1986) Influence of temperature on sterility of two cytoplasmic male-sterile systems in rape (Brassica napus L.). Can J Plant Sci 66: 221–227

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fraley RT, Rogers SG, Horsh RB (1986) Genetic transformation in higher plants. CRC Crit Rev Plant Sci 4: 1–46

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fromm M, Taylor LP, Walbot V (1985) Expression of genes transferred into monocot and dicot plant cells by electroporation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82: 5824–5828

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fu TD (1981) Production and research of rapeseed in the People’s Republic of China. Eucarpia Cruciferae Newslett 6: 6–7

    Google Scholar 

  • Gleba YY, Hoffmann F (1978) Hybrid cell lines Arabidopsis thaliana+Brassica campestris: no evidence for specific chromosome elimination. Mol Gen Genet 165: 257–264

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gleba YY, Hoffmann F (1980) “Arabidobrassica”: A novel plant obtained by protoplast fusion. Planta 149: 112–117

    Google Scholar 

  • Glimelius K (1984) High growth rate and regeneration capacity of hypocotyl protoplasts in some Brassicaceae. Physiol Plant 61: 38–44

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Glimelius K, Djupsjobacka M, Fellner-Feldegg H (1986) Selection and enrichment of plant protoplast heterokaryons of Brassicaceae by flow sorting. Plant Sci 45: 133–141

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Griesbach RJ, Sink KC (1983) Evacuolation of mesophyll protoplasts. Plant Sci Lett 30: 297–301

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grimsley N, Hohn B, Hohn T, Walden R (1986) “Agroinfection”, an alternative route for viral infection of plants by using the Ti plasmid. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83: 3282–3286

    Google Scholar 

  • Guerche P, Charbonnier M, Jouanin L, Pelletier G (1986) Direct gene transfer in Brassica napus. Eucarpia Cruciferae Newslett 11: 98–99

    Google Scholar 

  • Guerche P, Jouanin L, Tepfer D, Pelletier G (1987) Genetic transformation of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) by the Ri T-DNA of Agrobacterium rhizogenes and analysis of inheritance of the transformed phenotype. Mol Gen Genet 206: 382–386

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harms CT (1983) Somatic incompatibility in the development of higher plant somatic hybrids. Q Rev Biol 58: 325–353

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hoffmann F, Adachi T (1981) “Arabidobrassica”: Chromosomal recombination and morphogenesis in asymmetric intergeneric hybrid cells. Planta 153: 586–593

    Google Scholar 

  • Holbrook LA, Miki BL (1985) Brassica grown gall tumourigenesis and in vitro of transformed tissue. Plant Cell Rep 4: 329–332

    Google Scholar 

  • Howell SH, Walker LL, Dudley RK (1980) Cloned Cauliflower Mosaic Virus DNA infects turnips (Brassica rapa). Science 208:1265 —1267

    Google Scholar 

  • Hunt S, Smith AM, Woolhouse HW (1987) Evidence for a light-dependent system for reassimilation of photo-respiratory CO2, which does not include a C4 cycle, in the C3–C4 intermediate species Moricandia arvensis. Planta 171: 227–234

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jourdan PS, Earle ED (1986) Influence of genotype on the regeneration of plants from seedling mesophyll protoplasts of three Brassica species (Abstr). Cruciferae genetics Worksh I II, Univ Guelph, Ontario, Can

    Google Scholar 

  • Kameya T (1983) Studies on plant cell fusion by dextran: Effect of pH, inorganic salts and electric stimulus. Cytologia 48: 873–878

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karp A, Bright SWJ (1985) On the causes and origins of somaclonal variation. Oxford Sury Plant Mol Cell Biol 2: 199–234

    Google Scholar 

  • Kartha KK, Michayluk MR, Kao KN, Gamborg OL, Constabel F (1974) Callus formation and plant regeneration from mesophyll protoplasts of rape plants (Brassica napus L. cv. Zephyr ). Plant Sci Lett 3: 265–271

    Google Scholar 

  • Kemble RJ (1987) A rapid, single leaf, nucleic acid assay for determining the cytoplasmic organelle complement of rapeseed and related Brassica species. Theor Appl Genet 73: 364–370

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klimaszewska K, Keller WA (1985) High frequency plant regeneration from thin layer explants of Brassica napus. Plant Cell, Tissue Org Cult 4: 184–197

    Google Scholar 

  • Klimaszweska K, Keller WA (1987) Plant regeneration from stem cortex protoplasts of Brassica napus. Plant Cell, Tissue Org Cult 8: 225–233

    Google Scholar 

  • Kolenbach HW, Wenzel G, Hoffmann F (1982) Regeneration of Brassica napus plantlets in cultures from isolated protoplasts of haploid stem embryos as compared with lead protoplasts. Z Pflanzenphysiol 105: 131–142

    Google Scholar 

  • Lammerick J (1970) Inter-specific transfer of clubroot resistance from Brassica campestris L. to B. napus L. N Z J Agric Res 13:105 —110

    Google Scholar 

  • Mackay GR (1977) The introgression of S-alleles into forage rape, Brassica napus L. from turnip, Brassica campestris L. spp. rapifera. Euphytica 26: 511–519

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mathews H, Bhatia CR, Mitra R, Krisha TG, Rao PS (1985) Regeneration of shoots from Brassica juncea (Linn) Czern and Coss cells transformed by Agrobacterium tumefaciens and expression of nopaline dehydrogenase genes. Plant Sci 39: 49–54

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mathews H, Rao PS, Bhatia CR (1986) Transformation of Brassica juncea by Agrobacterium tumefaciens harbouring plasmid pTiT37 and its `rooty’ mutant pTiT37.14a/a. J Genet 65: 37–44

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matsuzawa Y, Sarashima M (1986) Intergeneric hybridization between Raphanus sativa L. and Brassica nigra Koch and alloplasmic radish derivative. Jpn J Breed 36: 122–130

    Google Scholar 

  • Menczel L, Wolfe K (1984) High frequency of fusion induced in freely suspended protoplast mixtures by polyethylene glycol and dimethylsulfoxide at high pH. Plant Cell Rep 3: 196–198

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Menczel L, Morgan A, Brown S, Maliga P (1987) Fusion-mediated combination of Ogura-type cytoplasmic male sterility with Brassica napus plastids using X-irradiated CMS protoplasts. Plant Cell Rep 6: 98–101

    Google Scholar 

  • Meyerowitz EM, Pruitt RE (1985) Arabidopsis thaliana and plant molecular genetics. Science 229: 1214–1218

    Google Scholar 

  • Morgan A, Maliga P (1987) Rapid chloroplast segregation and recombination of mitochondrial DNA in Brassica cybrids. Mol Gen Genet 209: 240–246

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morinaga T (1934) Interspecific hybridization in Brassica. VI. The cytology of Fl hybrids of B. juncea and B. nigra. Cytologia 6: 62–67

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nasrallah JB, Kao T-H, Goldberg ML, Nasrallah ME (1985) A cDNA clone encoding an S-locusspecific glycoprotein from Brassica oleracea. Science 318: 263–267

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Negrutiu I, Jacobs M, Cattoir-Reynaerts A (1984) Progress in cellular engineering of plants: biochemical and genetic assessment of selectable markers from cultured cells. Plant Mol Biol 3: 289–302

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Negrutiu I, DeBrouwer D, Watts JW, Sidorov VI, Dirks R, Jacobs M (1986) Fusion of plant protoplasts: a study using auxotrophic mutants of Nicotiana plumbaginifolia, Viviani. Theor Appl Genet 72:279 — 286

    Google Scholar 

  • Newell CA, Rhoads ML, Bidney DL (1984) Cytogenetic analysis of plants regenerated from tissue ex-plants and mesophyll protoplasts of winter rape, Brassica napus L. Can J Genet Cytol 26: 752–761

    Google Scholar 

  • Ogura H (1968) Studies of the new male sterility in japanese radish with special reference to the utilization of this sterility towards the practical raising of hybrid seed. Mem Fac Agric Kagoshima Univ 6: 39–78

    Google Scholar 

  • Olsson G (1960) Species crosses within the genus Brassica. 1. Artificial Brassica juncea Coss. Hereditas 46:171— 223

    Google Scholar 

  • Ooms G, Bains A, Burrell M, Karp A, Tuell D, Wilcox E (1985) Genetic manipulation in cultivars of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) using Agrobacterium. Theor Appl Genet 71: 325–329

    Google Scholar 

  • Paszkowski J, Pisan B, Shillito RD, Hohn T, Hohn B, Potrykus I (1986) Genetic transformation of Brassica campestris var. rapa protoplasts with an engineered Cauliflower Mosaic Virus genome. Plant Mol Biol 6: 303–312

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Patnaik G, Cocking EC, Hamill J, Pental D (1982) A simple procedure for the manual isolation and identification of plant heterokaryons. Plant Sci Lett 24:105 —110

    Google Scholar 

  • Pauls KP, Chuong PV (1986) Flow cytometric identification of Brassica napus protoplast fusion products. Can J Bot 65: 834–838

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pelletier C, Primand C, Vedel F, Chetrie P, Remy R, Rousselle P, Renard M (1983) Intergeneric cytoplasmic hybridization in Cruciferae by protoplast fusion. Mol Gen Genet 191: 244–250

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pontecorvo G (1971) Induction of directional chromosome elimination in somatic cell hybrids. Nature (Lond) 230: 367–369

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pua E-C, Mehra-Palta A, Nagy F, Chua N-H (1987) Transgenic plants of Brassica napus L. Biotechnology 5:815 — 817

    Google Scholar 

  • Robertson D, Earle ED (1986) Plant regeneration from leaf protoplasts of Brassica oleracea var. italica cv. green comet broccoli. Plant Cell Rep 5: 61–64

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Robertson D, Earle ED (1987) Nitro-blue tetrazolium: A specific stain for photosynthetic activity in protoplasts. Plant Cell Rep 6: 70–73

    Google Scholar 

  • Robertson D, Palmer JD, Earle ED, Mutschler MA (1987) Analysis of organelle genomes in a somatic hybrid derived from cytoplasmic male-sterile Brassica oleracea and atrazine-resistant B. campestris. Theor Appl Genet 74:303 — 309

    Google Scholar 

  • Roy NN (1984) Interspecific transfer of Brassica juncea-type high blackleg resistance to Brassica napus. Euphytica 33: 295–304

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schenck HR, Röbbelen G (1982) Somatic hybrids by fusion of protoplasts from Brassica oleracea and B. campestris. Z Pflanzenz 89: 278–288

    Google Scholar 

  • Shah DM, Horsch RB, Klee HJ, Kishore GM, Winter JA, Tumer NE, Hironaka CM, Sanders PR, Gasser CS, Aykent S, Siegel NR, Rogers SG, Fraley RT (1986) Engineering herbicide tolerance in transgenic plants. Science 233: 478–481

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shahin EA, Spivey R (1986) A dominant gene for Fusarium wilt resistance in protoplast-derived tomato plants. Theor Appl Genet 73: 164–169

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shiga T, Baba S (1971) Cytoplasmic male sterility in rape plants (Brassica napus L.). Jpn J Breed 21: 16–17

    Google Scholar 

  • Shiga T, Baba S (1973) Cytoplasmic male sterility in oilseed rape, Brassica napus L., and its utilization to breeding. Jpn J Breed 23: 187–197

    Google Scholar 

  • Spangenberg G, Schweiger H-G (1986) Controlled electrofusion of different types of protoplasts and subprotoplasts including cell reconstitution in Brassica napus L. Eur J Cell Biol 41: 51–56

    Google Scholar 

  • Spangenberg G, Neuhaus G, Schweiger H-G (1986) Expression of foreign genes in a higher plant cell after electrofusion-mediated cell reconstitution of a microinjected karyoplast and a cytoplast. Eur J Cell Biol 42: 236–238

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sundberg E, Glimelius K (1986) A method for production of interspecific hybrids within Brassiceae via somatic hybridization, using resynthesis of Brassica napus as a model. Plant Sci 43:155 — 162

    Google Scholar 

  • Taguchi T, Kameya T (1986) Production of somatic hybrid plants between cabbage and chinese cabbage through protoplast fusion. Jpn J Breed 36: 186–189

    Google Scholar 

  • Tanaka N, Hayakawa M, Mano Y, Ohkawa H, Matsui C (1985) Infection of turnip and radish storage roots with Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Plant Cell Rep 4: 74–77

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Terada R, Yamashita Y, Nishibayashi S, Shimamoto K (1987) Somatic hybrids between Brassica oleracea and B. campestris: selection by the use of iodoacetamide inactivation and regeneration ability. Theor Appl Genet 73: 379–384

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thompson KF (1972) Cytoplasmic male sterility in oilseed rape. Heredity 29: 253–257

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Toriyama K, Kameya T, Hinata K (1987) Selection of a universal hybridizer in Sinapis turgida Del. and regeneration of plantlets from somatic hybrids with Brassica species. Planta 170: 308–313

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Toriyama K, Hinata K, Kameya T (1987) Production of somatic hybrid plants, “Brassicomoricandia”, through protoplast fusion between Moricandia arvensis and Brassica oleracea. Plant Sci 48:123 —128

    Google Scholar 

  • Trail F, Wu FS (1986) Transformation in Brassica spp.: Sensitivity to antibiotics in vitro and tumor formation in vivo (Abstract). VI th Int Congr Plant tissue and cell culture, Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, p 203

    Google Scholar 

  • U N (1935) Genome analysis in Brassica with special reference to the experimental formation of B. napus and peculiar mode of fertilization. Jpn J Bot 7: 389–452

    Google Scholar 

  • Vaeck M, Reynaerts A, Hofte H, Jansens S, De Beuckeleer M, Dean C, Zabeau M, Van Montagu M, Leemans J (1987) Transgenic plants protected from insect attack. Nature (Lond) 328: 33–37

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Williams P, Hill CB (1986) Rapid-cycling populations of Brassica. Science 232: 1385–1389

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wu FS (1987) Localization of mitochondria in plant cells by vital staining with rhodamine 123. Planta 171: 346–357

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wu FS, Richards C, Trail F (1987) Calli formation and regeneration of hypocotyl protoplasts fused with evacuolated and enucleated mesophyll protoplasts in Brassica oleracea (Abstract). In Vitro 23:45 A

    Google Scholar 

  • Xu ZH, Davey MR, Cocking EC (1982) Plant regeneration from root protoplasts of Brassica. Plant Sci Lett 24:117 —121

    Google Scholar 

  • Yarrow SA, Wu SC, Barsby TL, Kemble RJ, Shepard JF (1986) The introduction of CMS mitochondria to triazine tolerant Brassica napus L., var. “Regent”, by micromanipulation of individual heterokaryons. Plant Cell Rep 5: 415–418

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zachrisson A, Bornman CH (1984) Application of electric field fusion in plant tissue culture. Physiol Plant 61: 314–320

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zachrisson A, Bornman CH (1986) Electromanipulation of plant protoplasts. Physiol Plant 67:507 —516

    Google Scholar 

  • Zimmermann U, Scheurich P (1981) High frequency fusion of plant protoplasts by electric fields. Planta 151: 26–32

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dept. of Plant Pathology, Cornell University, Geneva, New York, 14456-0462, USA

    F. Trail

  2. Zoecon Research Institute, Sandoz Crop Protection Corporation, Palo Alto, California, USA

    C. Richards & F.-S. Wu

Authors
  1. F. Trail
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. C. Richards
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. F.-S. Wu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. A-137 New Friends Colony, 110065, New Delhi, India

    Y. P. S. Bajaj

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1989 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Trail, F., Richards, C., Wu, FS. (1989). Genetic Manipulation in Brassica . In: Bajaj, Y.P.S. (eds) Plant Protoplasts and Genetic Engineering II. Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry, vol 9. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74454-9_12

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74454-9_12

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-74456-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-74454-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation