Abstract
Animals have eyes for seeing, i.e., to discriminate variations in the environmental light distribution. The key role for detecting these light changes is played by the visual pigment molecules, because they trigger the phototransduction process: a chain of molecular reactions in the photoreceptor membrane resulting in a neural signal. The absorption spectra of an eye’s visual pigments therefore determine the spectral sensitivity of the photoreceptors and thus the spectral range which is covered by the visual system.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Appleby SJ, Muntz WRA (1979) Occlusable yellow corneas in Tetraodontidae. J Exp Biol 83: 249–259
Bernard GD (1983a) Bleaching of rhabdoms in eyes of intact butterflies. Science 219: 69–71
Bernard GD (1983b) Dark processes following photoconversion of butterfly rhodopsins. Biophys Struct Mech 9: 277–286
Blest AD (1980) Photoreceptor membrane turnover in arthropods: comparative studies of breakdown processes and their implications. In: Williams TP, Baker BN (eds) The effect of constant light on visual processes. Plenum Press, New York, pp 217–245
Bridges CD (1976) Vitamin A and the role of pigment epithelium during bleaching and regeneration of rhodopsin in the frog eye. Exp Eye Res 22: 435–455
Chader GJ (1982) Retinoids in ocular tissues: Binding proteins, transport, and mechanism of action. In: McDevitt D (ed) Cell biology of the eye. Academic Press, London New York
Chance B (1964) Fluorescence emission of the mitochondrial DPNH as a factor in the ultraviolet sensitivity of visual receptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 51: 359–361
Chance B, Schoener B (1966) Fluorometric studies of flavin component of the respiratory chain. In: Slater EC (ed) Flavins and flavoprotein. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 510–528
Dartnall HJA (ed) (1972) Handbook of sensory physiology, vol VII/1. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York
Dratz EA, Hargrave PA (1983) The structure of rhodopsin and the rod outer segment disk membrane. Trends Biochem Sci 8: 128–131
Franceschini N, Stavenga DG (1981) The ultraviolet sensitizing pigment of flies studied by in vivo microspectrofluorometry. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sei Suppl 20:no 3, 111
Franceschini N, Kirschfeld K, Minke B (1981a) Fluorescence of photoreceptor cells observed in vivo. Science 213: 1264–1267
Franceschini N, Hardie R, Ribi W, Kirschfeld K (1981b) Sexual dimorphism in a photoreceptor. Nature (London) 291: 241–244
Gogala M, Hamdorf K, Schwemer J (1970) UV-Sehfarbstoff bei Insekten. Z Vergl Physiol 70: 410–413
Ham WT Jr, Mueller HA, Sliney DH (1976) Retinal sensitivity to damage from short wavelength light. Nature (London) 153–155
Ham WT Jr, Mueller HA, Ruffolo JJ Jr (1980) Solar retinopathy as a function of wavelength: its significance for protective eyewear. In: Williams TP, Baker BN (eds) The effects of constant light on visual processes. Plenum Press, New York, pp 319–346
Hamdorf K (1979) The physiology of invertebrate visual pigments. In: Autrum H (ed) Handbook of sensory physiology, vol VII/6A. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 145–224
Hamdorf K, Schwemer J (1975) Photoregeneration and the adaptation process in insect photoreceptors. In: Snyder AW, Menzel R (eds) Photoreceptor optics. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 720–746
Hara T, Hara R (1972) Cephalopod retinochrome. In: Dartnall HJA (ed) Handbook of sensory physiology, vol VII/1. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 720–746
Hara T, Hara R (1982) Cephalopod retinochrome. In: Packer L (ed) Methods in enzymology, vol 81. Biomembranes, part HI, pp 827–834
Hardie RC, Kirschfeld K (1983) Ultraviolet sensitivity of fly photoreceptors R7 and R8: Evidence for a sensitising function. Biophys Struct Mech 9: 171–180
Hargrave PA, McDowell JH, Curtis DR, Wang JK, Juszczak E, Fong S-L, Rao JKM, Argos P (1983) The structure of bovine rhodopsin. Biophys Struct Mech 9: 235–244
Kirschfeld K (1981) Carotenoid pigments: Their possible role in protecting against photooxidation in eyes and photoreceptor cells. Proc R Soc London Ser B 216: 71–85
Kirschfeld K, Franceschini N, Minke B (1977) Evidence for a sensitising pigment in fly photoreceptors. Nature (London) 269: 386–390
Kirschfeld K, Feiler R, Franceschini N (1978) A photostable pigment within the rhabdomere of fly photoreceptors no R7. J Comp Physiol 125: 275–284
Kruizinga B, Kamman R, Stavenga DG (1982) Laser induced visual pigment conversions in fly photoreceptors measured in vivo. Biophys Struct Mech 9: 299–307
Laing RA, Fischbarg J, Chance B (1980) Non-invasive measurements of pyridinenucleotide fluorescence from the cornea. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 19: 96–102
Lerman S (1980) Radiant energy and the eye. Macmillan, New York
Liebman PA, Leigh RA (1969) Autofluorescence of visual receptors. Nature (London) 221: 1249–1251
Lythgoe JN (1979) The ecology of vision. Clarendon, Oxford
Miller WH (1979) Ocular optical filtering. In: Autrum H (ed) Handbook of sensory physiology, vol VII/6A. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 69–143
Miller GV, Itoku KA, Fleischer AB, Stark WS (1982) Damaging effects of UV treatment in normal and vitamin A deprived Drosophila eyes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci Suppl 22: 66
Müntz WRA (1972) Inert absorbing and reflecting pigments. In: Dartnall HJA (ed) Handbook of sensory physiology, vol VII/1. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 529–565
Ovchinnikov YA, Abdulaev NG, Feigina MY, Artamov ID, Zolotarev AS, Kostina MB, Bogachuk AS, Miroshnikov AI, Martinov VI, Kudelin AB (1982) The complete amino acid sequence of visual rhodopsin. Bioorg Khim 8: 1011–1014
Pepe IM, Cugnoli C (1980) Isolation and characterization of a water soluble photopigment from honeybee compound eye. Vison Res 20: 97–102
Pepe IM, Schwemer J, Paulsen R (1982) Characteristics of retinal-binding proteins from the honeybee retina. Vision Res 22: 775–781
Rodieck RW (1973) The vertebrate retina. Freeman, San Francisco
Ruddock KH (1972) Light transmission through the media and macular pigment and its significance for psychophysical investigation. In: Jameson D, Hurvich LM (eds) Handbook of sensory physiology, vol VII/4. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 455–469
Sarkar HK, Song P-S (1982) Blue light induced phototransformation of phytochrome in the presence of flavin. Photochem Photobiol 35: 234–246
Schmidt W (1980) Physiological blue light reception. In: Hemmerich P (ed) Structure and bonding, vol 41. Molecular structure and sensory physiology. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 1–44
Scholz R, Thurman RG, Williamson JR, Chance B, Bücher T (1969) Flavin and pyridine nucleotide oxidation - reduction changes in perfused rat liver. I. Anoxia and subcellular localization of fluorescent flavoproteins. J Biol Chem 9: 2317–2324
Schwemer J (1979) Molekulare Grundlagen der Photorezeption bei der Schmeißfliege Calliphora erythrocephala Meig. Habilitationsschr, Ruhr Univ, Bochum
Schwemer J (1983) Pathways of visual pigment regeneration in fly photoreceptor cells. Biophys Struct Mech 9: 287–298
Sickel W (1972) Retinal metabolism in dark and light. In: Fuortes MGF (ed) Handbook of sensory physiology, vol VII/2. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 667–727
Sickel W (1973) Energy in vertebrate photoreceptor function. In: Langer H (ed) Biochemistry and physiology of visual pigments. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 195–203
Sliney DH, Freasier BC (1973) Evaluation of optical radiation hazards. Appl Opt 12: 1–24
Somiya H (1982) “Yellow lens” eyes of a stomiatoid deep-sea fish Malacosteus niger. Proc R Soc London Ser B 215:481–489
Sperling HG (1980) Prolonged intense spectral light effects on rhesus retina. In: Williams TP, Baker BN (eds) The effects of constant light on visual processes. Plenum Press, New York, pp 195–241
Stark WS, Stavenga DG, Kruizinga B (1979) Fly photoreceptor fluorescence is related to UV sensitivity. Nature (London) 280: 581–583
Stark WS, Itoku KA, Srivastava K, Carlson SD (1983) Retinal degeneration induced by intense UV and blue stimuli in Drosophila. Photochem Photobiol Suppl 37:S 84
Stavenga DG (1980) Short wavelength light in invertebrate visual sense cells - Pigments, potentials and problems. In: Senger H (ed) The blue light syndrome. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 5–24
Stavenga DG, Franceschini N (1981) Fly visual pigment states, rhodopsin R490, metarhodopsins M and M′, studied by transmission and fluorescence microspectrophotometry in vivo. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci Suppl 20: no 3, 111
Stavenga DG, Schwemer J (1984) Visual pigments of invertebrates. In: Ali MA (ed) Photoreception and vision in invertebrates. Plenum Press, New York, pp 5–61
Stavenga DG, Tinbergen J (1983) Light dependence of oxidative metabolism in fly compound eyes studied in vivo by microspectrofluorometry. Naturwissenschaften 70: 618–620
Stavenga DG, Bernard GD, Chappell RL, Wilson M (1979) Insect pupil mechanisms III. On the pigment migration in dragonfly ocelli. J Comp Physiol 129: 199–205
Stavenga DG, Franceschini N, Kirschfeld K (1984) Fluorescence of housefly visual pigment. Photochem Photobiol, in press
Straiten WP, Ogden TE (1971) Spectral sensitivity of the barnacle Balanus. J Gen Physiol 57: 435–447
Vogt K (1983) Is the fly visual pigment a rhodopsin? Z Naturforsch 38c: 329–333
Vogt K, Kirschfeld K (1982) Sensitising pigment in the fly. Biophys Struct Mech 9: 319–328
White RH, Gifford D, Michaud NA (1980) Turnover of photoreceptor membrane in the larval mosquito ocellus: rhabdomeric coated vesicles and organelles of the vacuolar system. In: Williams TP, Baker BN (eds) The effects of constant light on visual processes. Plenum Press, New York, pp 271–296
Woodhouse JM, Campbell FW (1975) The role of the pupil light reflex in aiding adaptation to the dark. Vision Res 15: 649–653
Wyszecki G, Stiles WS (1976) Color science: concepts and methods, quantitative data and formulas. Wiley, New York
Yoshizawa T, Shichida Y (1982) Low temperature spectrophotometry of intermediates of rho- dopsin. In: Packer L (ed) Methods in enzymology, vol 81. Biomembranes, part HI. Academic Press, London New York, pp 333–353
Stark WS, Tan EWP (1982) Ultraviolet light: photosensitivity and other effects on the visual system. Photochem Photobiol 36: 371–380
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1984 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Stavenga, D.G. (1984). Blue and Ultraviolet Light in Eyes: Primary Reactions and Light-Induced Metabolic Changes. In: Senger, H. (eds) Blue Light Effects in Biological Systems. Proceedings in Life Sciences. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69767-8_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-69767-8_8
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-69769-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-69767-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive